使用 Rsync 包含和排除选项按模式包含目录和文件

我在使用 rsync语法时遇到了一些问题，我想知道我的场景是否真的可以用 rsync处理。首先，我已经确认 rsync在本地主机和远程主机之间正常工作。对目录执行直接同步是成功的。

我的文件系统是这样的:

uploads/
1260000000/
file_11_00.jpg
file_11_01.jpg
file_12_00.jpg
1270000000/
file_11_00.jpg
file_11_01.jpg
file_12_00.jpg
1280000000/
file_11_00.jpg
file_11_01.jpg
file_12_00.jpg

我想做的是只对子目录中以“ file _ 11 _”开头的文件运行 rsync，并且我希望能够只运行一个 rsync 作业来同步子目录中的所有这些文件。

下面是我正在尝试的命令:

rsync -nrv --include="**/file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/

这导致 0文件被标记为在我的模拟运行中转移。我已经尝试了 --include和 --exclude语句的各种其他组合，但是要么继续得不到结果，要么得到所有的结果，就好像没有设置包含或排除选项一样。

有人知道怎么做吗？

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小开
最佳答案

The problem is that --exclude="*" says to exclude (for example) the 1260000000/ directory, so rsync never examines the contents of that directory, so never notices that the directory contains files that would have been matched by your --include.

I think the closest thing to what you want is this:

rsync -nrv --include="*/" --include="file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/

(which will include all directories, and all files matching file_11*.jpg, but no other files), or maybe this:

rsync -nrv --include="/[0-9][0-9][0-9]0000000/" --include="file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/

(same concept, but much pickier about the directories it will include).

小开

rsync include exclude pattern examples:

"*"         means everything
"dir1"      transfers empty directory [dir1]
"dir*"      transfers empty directories like: "dir1", "dir2", "dir3", etc...
"file*"     transfers files whose names start with [file]
"dir**"     transfers every path that starts with [dir] like "dir1/file.txt", "dir2/bar/ffaa.html", etc...
"dir***"    same as above
"dir1/*"    does nothing
"dir1/**"   does nothing
"dir1/***"  transfers [dir1] directory and all its contents like "dir1/file.txt", "dir1/fooo.sh", "dir1/fold/baar.py", etc...

And final note is that simply dont rely on asterisks that are used in the beginning for evaluating paths; like "**dir" (its ok to use them for single folders or files but not paths) and note that more than two asterisks dont work for file names.

小开

Here's my "teach a person to fish" answer:

Rsync's syntax is definitely non-intuitive, but it is worth understanding.

  1. First, use -vvv to see the debug info for rsync.
$ rsync -nr -vvv --include="**/file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/


[sender] hiding directory 1280000000 because of pattern *
[sender] hiding directory 1260000000 because of pattern *
[sender] hiding directory 1270000000 because of pattern *

The key concept here is that rsync applies the include/exclude patterns for each directory recursively. As soon as the first include/exclude is matched, the processing stops.

The first directory it evaluates is /Storage/uploads. Storage/uploads has 1280000000/, 1260000000/, 1270000000/ dirs/files. None of them match file_11*.jpg to include. All of them match * to exclude. So they are excluded, and rsync ends.

  1. The solution is to include all dirs (*/) first. Then the first dir component will be 1260000000/, 1270000000/, 1280000000/ since they match */. The next dir component will be 1260000000/. In 1260000000/, file_11_00.jpg matches --include="file_11*.jpg", so it is included. And so forth.
$ rsync -nrv --include='*/' --include="file_11*.jpg" --exclude="*" /Storage/uploads/ /website/uploads/


./
1260000000/
1260000000/file_11_00.jpg
1260000000/file_11_01.jpg
1270000000/
1270000000/file_11_00.jpg
1270000000/file_11_01.jpg
1280000000/
1280000000/file_11_00.jpg
1280000000/file_11_01.jpg

https://download.samba.org/pub/rsync/rsync.1


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