使用 viralenv 安装 Matplotlib 错误

我正在尝试在一个新的 viralenv 中安装 matplotlib。

当我这样做:

pip install matplotlib

或者

pip install http://sourceforge.net/projects/matplotlib/files/matplotlib/matplotlib-1.1.0/matplotlib-1.1.0.tar.gz

我得到了这个错误:

building 'matplotlib._png' extension


gcc -pthread -fno-strict-aliasing -DNDEBUG -g -fwrapv -O2 -Wall -fPIC -  DPY_ARRAY_UNIQUE_SYMBOL=MPL_ARRAY_API -DPYCXX_ISO_CPP_LIB=1 -I/usr/local/include -I/usr/include -I. -I/home/sam/django-projects/datazone/local/lib/python2.7/site-packages/numpy/core/include -I. -I/usr/include/python2.7 -c src/_png.cpp -o build/temp.linux-x86_64-2.7/src/_png.o


src/_png.cpp:10:20: fatal error: png.h: No such file or directory


compilation terminated.


error: command 'gcc' failed with exit status 1

有人知道是怎么回事吗？

非常感谢你的帮助。

132549 次浏览
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最佳答案

Building Matplotlib requires libpng (and freetype, as well) which isn't a python library, so pip doesn't handle installing it (or freetype).

You'll need to install something along the lines of libpng-devel and freetype-devel (or whatever the equivalent is for your OS).

See the building requirements/instructions for matplotlib.

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To generate graph in png format you need to Install following dependent packages

sudo apt-get install libpng-dev
sudo apt-get install libfreetype6-dev

Ubuntu https://apps.ubuntu.com/cat/applications/libpng12-0/ or using following command

sudo apt-get install libpng12-0
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As a supplementary, on Amazon EC2, what I need to do is:

sudo yum install freetype-devel
sudo yum install libpng-devel
sudo pip install matplotlib
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On OSX I was able to get matplotlib to install via:

pip install matplotlib==1.4.0

only after I ran:

brew install freetype
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As I have struggled with this issue twice (even after fresh kubuntu 15.04 install) and installing freetype did not solve anything, I investigated further.

The solution:
From github issue:

This bug only occurs if pkg-config is not installed;
a simple
sudo apt-get install pkg-config
will shore up the include paths for now.

After this installation proceeds smoothly.

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sudo apt-get install libpng-dev libjpeg8-dev libfreetype6-dev

worked for me on Ubuntu 14.04

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None of the above answers worked for me in Mint, so I did:

sudo apt-get install build-essential g++
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Under Windows this worked for me:

python -m pip install -U pip setuptools
python -m pip install matplotlib

(from https://matplotlib.org/users/installing.html)

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If on MacOSx try

xcode-select --install

This complies subprocess 32, the reason for the failure.

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To reduce the required packages to install you just need

apt-get install -y \
libfreetype6-dev \
libxft-dev && \
pip install matplotlib

and you will get the following packages locally installed

Collecting matplotlib
Downloading matplotlib-2.2.0-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (12.5MB)
Collecting pytz (from matplotlib)
Downloading pytz-2018.3-py2.py3-none-any.whl (509kB)
Collecting python-dateutil>=2.1 (from matplotlib)
Downloading python_dateutil-2.6.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (194kB)
Collecting pyparsing!=2.0.4,!=2.1.2,!=2.1.6,>=2.0.1 (from matplotlib)
Downloading pyparsing-2.2.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl (56kB)
Requirement already satisfied: six>=1.10 in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from matplotlib)
Collecting cycler>=0.10 (from matplotlib)
Downloading cycler-0.10.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Collecting kiwisolver>=1.0.1 (from matplotlib)
Downloading kiwisolver-1.0.1-cp35-cp35m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (949kB)
Requirement already satisfied: numpy>=1.7.1 in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages (from matplotlib)
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools in /opt/conda/envs/pytorch-py35/lib/python3.5/site-packages/setuptools-27.2.0-py3.5.egg (from kiwisolver>=1.0.1->matplotlib)
Installing collected packages: pytz, python-dateutil, pyparsing, cycler, kiwisolver, matplotlib
Successfully installed cycler-0.10.0 kiwisolver-1.0.1 matplotlib-2.2.0 pyparsing-2.2.0 python-dateutil-2.6.1 pytz-2018.3
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Another option is to install anaconda, which comes with packages such as: Matplotlib, numpy and pandas.

https://anaconda.org

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Installing matplotlib==3.3.3 with Python 3.9 resolved the issue for me. Reference


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