为什么“ this”在匿名函数中没有定义？

为什么在严格模式下使用 javascript 时，匿名函数中的 这个没有定义？我明白为什么这可能有意义，但我找不到任何具体的答案。

例如:

(function () {
"use strict";


this.foo = "bar"; // *this* is undefined, why?
}());

在小提琴中测试: http://jsfiddle.net/pyr5g/1/ 检查记录器(纵火犯)。

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最佳答案

It's because, until ECMAscript 262 edition 5, there was a big confusion if people who where using the constructor pattern, forgot to use the new keyword. If you forgot to use new when calling a constructor function in ES3, this referenced the global object (window in a browser) and you would clobber the global object with variables.

That was terrible behavior and so people at ECMA decided, just to set this to undefined.

Example:

function myConstructor() {
this.a = 'foo';
this.b = 'bar';
}


myInstance     = new myConstructor(); // all cool, all fine. a and b were created in a new local object
myBadInstance  = myConstructor(); // oh my gosh, we just created a, and b on the window object

The last line would throw an error in ES5 strict 

"TypeError: this is undefined"

(which is a much better behavior)

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There is a mechanism called "boxing" which wraps or change the this object before entering the context of the called function. In your case, the value of this should be undefined because you are not calling the function as a method of an object. If non strict mode, in this case, this is replaced by the window object. In strict mode it's always unchanged, that's why it's undefined here.

You can find more information at
https://developer.mozilla.org/en/JavaScript/Strict_mode

小开

According to This Stack Overflow answer, you can use this inside anonymous functions, simply by calling .call(this) at the end of it.

(function () {
"use strict";


this.foo = "bar";
}).call(this);

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