function makeChain(chains) {
var c = Object.prototype;
while(chains.length) {
c = Object.create(c);
$.extend(c, chains.pop()); // some function that does mixin
}
return c;
}
例如:
var obj = makeChain([{a:1}, {a: 2, b: 3}, {c: 4}]);
Earth.shape = 'round';
Animal.shape = 'random';
Cat inherit from (Earth, Animal);
Cat.shape = 'random' or 'round' depending on inheritance order;
在这种情况下,我会尝试这样的东西:
var Earth = function(){};
Earth.prototype.shape = 'round';
var Animal = function(){};
Animal.prototype.shape = 'random';
Animal.prototype.head = true;
var Cat = function(){};
MultiInherit(Cat, Earth, Animal);
console.log(new Cat().shape); // yields "round", since I reversed the inheritance order
console.log(new Cat().head); // true
function MultiInherit() {
var c = [].shift.call(arguments),
len = arguments.length
while(len--) {
$.extend(c.prototype, new arguments[len]());
}
}
function Lifeform () { // 1st Constructor function
this.isLifeform = true;
}
function Animal () { // 2nd Constructor function
this.isAnimal = true;
}
Animal.prototype = new Lifeform(); // Animal is a lifeform
function Mammal () { // 3rd Constructor function
this.isMammal = true;
}
Mammal.prototype = new Animal(); // Mammal is an animal
function Cat (species) { // 4th Constructor function
this.isCat = true;
this.species = species
}
Cat.prototype = new Mammal(); // Cat is a mammal
这个概念使用了 Yehuda Katz 对于 JavaScript 的 “班级”的定义:
... JavaScript“类”只是一个函数对象,作为一个构造函数加上一个附加的原型对象。(来源: Guru Katz)
// Make an instance object of the Cat "Class"
var tiger = new Cat("tiger");
console.log(tiger.isCat, tiger.isMammal, tiger.isAnimal, tiger.isLifeform);
// Outputs: true true true true
先例的顺序应该是有意义的。首先它查看实例对象,然后它是原型,然后是下一个原型,等等。
// Let's say we have another instance, a special alien cat
var alienCat = new Cat("alien");
// We can define a property for the instance object and that will take
// precendence over the value in the Mammal class (down the chain)
alienCat.isMammal = false;
// OR maybe all cats are mutated to be non-mammals
Cat.prototype.isMammal = false;
console.log(alienCat);
我们还可以修改原型,这会影响到构建在类上的所有对象。
// All cats are mutated to be non-mammals
Cat.prototype.isMammal = false;
console.log(tiger, alienCat);
现在我们只需要一个从两者继承的类。继承是通过 打电话ing 原型和对象构造函数的构造函数(不使用 new 关键字)来完成的。首先,原型必须从父原型继承
function FoodPlantPrototype() {
FoodPrototype.call(this);
PlantPrototype.call(this);
// plus a function of its own
this.harvest = function () {
console.log("harvest at", this.maturity);
};
}
构造函数必须从父构造函数继承:
function FoodPlant(name, maturity) {
Food.call(this, name);
Plant.call(this, name);
// plus a property of its own
this.maturity = maturity;
}
FoodPlant.prototype = new FoodPlantPrototype();
现在您可以种植、食用和收获不同的实例:
var fp1 = new FoodPlant('Radish', 28);
var fp2 = new FoodPlant('Corn', 90);
fp1.grow();
fp2.grow();
fp1.harvest();
fp1.eat();
fp2.harvest();
fp2.eat();
function A() {
this.thisA = 4; // objC will contain this property
}
A.prototype.a = 2; // objC will contain this property
B.prototype = Object.create(A.prototype);
B.prototype.constructor = B;
function B() {
this.thisB = 55; // objC will contain this property
A.call(this);
}
B.prototype.b = 3; // objC will contain this property
C.prototype = Object.create(B.prototype);
C.prototype.constructor = C;
function C() {
this.thisC = 123; // objC will contain this property
B.call(this);
}
C.prototype.c = 2; // objC will contain this property
var objC = new C();
/*** multiple inheritance example ***********************************/
var Runner = ds.class({
run: function() { console.log('I am running...'); }
});
var Walker = ds.class({
walk: function() { console.log('I am walking...'); }
});
var Person = ds.class({
inherits: [Runner, Walker],
eat: function() { console.log('I am eating...'); }
});
var person = new Person();
person.run();
person.walk();
person.eat();
class A {
constructor()
{
this.test = "a test";
}
method()
{
console.log("in the method");
}
}
class B {
constructor()
{
this.extends = [new A()];
return new Proxy(this, {
get: function(obj, prop) {
if(prop in obj)
return obj[prop];
let response = obj.extends.find(function (extended) {
if(prop in extended)
return extended[prop];
});
return response ? response[prop] : Reflect.get(...arguments);
},
})
}
}
let b = new B();
b.test ;// "a test";
b.method(); // in the method
let human = new Running({ name: 'human', numLegs: 2 });
human.run();
let airplane = new Flying({ name: 'airplane', numWings: 2 });
airplane.fly();
let dragon = new RunningFlying({ name: 'dragon', numLegs: 4, numWings: 6 });
dragon.takeFlight();
生产出这样的产品:
human runs with 2 legs.
airplane flies away with 2 wings!
dragon runs with 4 legs.
dragon flies away with 6 wings!
let makeClass = (name, parents={}, propertiesFn=()=>({})) => {
// The constructor just curries to a Function named "init"
let Class = function(...args) { this.init(...args); };
// This allows instances to be named properly in the terminal
Object.defineProperty(Class, 'name', { value: name });
// Tracking parents of `Class` allows for inheritance queries later
Class.parents = parents;
// Initialize prototype
Class.prototype = Object.create(null);
// Collect all parent-class prototypes. `Object.getOwnPropertyNames`
// will get us the best results. Finally, we'll be able to reference
// a property like "usefulMethod" of Class "ParentClass3" with:
// `parProtos.ParentClass3.usefulMethod`
let parProtos = {};
for (let parName in parents) {
let proto = parents[parName].prototype;
parProtos[parName] = {};
for (let k of Object.getOwnPropertyNames(proto)) {
parProtos[parName][k] = proto[k];
}
}
// Resolve `properties` as the result of calling `propertiesFn`. Pass
// `parProtos`, so a child-class can access parent-class methods, and
// pass `Class` so methods of the child-class have a reference to it
let properties = propertiesFn(parProtos, Class);
properties.constructor = Class; // Ensure "constructor" prop exists
// If two parent-classes define a property under the same name, we
// have a "collision". In cases of collisions, the child-class *must*
// define a method (and within that method it can decide how to call
// the parent-class methods of the same name). For every named
// property of every parent-class, we'll track a `Set` containing all
// the methods that fall under that name. Any `Set` of size greater
// than one indicates a collision.
let propsByName = {}; // Will map property names to `Set`s
for (let parName in parProtos) {
for (let propName in parProtos[parName]) {
// Now track the property `parProtos[parName][propName]` under the
// label of `propName`
if (!propsByName.hasOwnProperty(propName))
propsByName[propName] = new Set();
propsByName[propName].add(parProtos[parName][propName]);
}
}
// For all methods defined by the child-class, create or replace the
// entry in `propsByName` with a Set containing a single item; the
// child-class' property at that property name (this also guarantees
// there is no collision at this property name). Note property names
// prefixed with "$" will be considered class properties (and the "$"
// will be removed).
for (let propName in properties) {
if (propName[0] === '$') {
// The "$" indicates a class property; attach to `Class`:
Class[propName.slice(1)] = properties[propName];
} else {
// No "$" indicates an instance property; attach to `propsByName`:
propsByName[propName] = new Set([ properties[propName] ]);
}
}
// Ensure that "init" is defined by a parent-class or by the child:
if (!propsByName.hasOwnProperty('init'))
throw Error(`Class "${name}" is missing an "init" method`);
// For each property name in `propsByName`, ensure that there is no
// collision at that property name, and if there isn't, attach it to
// the prototype! `Object.defineProperty` can ensure that prototype
// properties won't appear during iteration with `in` keyword:
for (let propName in propsByName) {
let propsAtName = propsByName[propName];
if (propsAtName.size > 1)
throw new Error(`Class "${name}" has conflict at "${propName}"`);
Object.defineProperty(Class.prototype, propName, {
enumerable: false,
writable: true,
value: propsAtName.values().next().value // Get 1st item in Set
});
}
return Class;
};
let Named = makeClass('Named', {}, () => ({
init: function({ name }) {
this.name = name;
}
}));
let Running = makeClass('Running', { Named }, protos => ({
init: function({ name, numLegs }) {
protos.Named.init.call(this, { name });
this.numLegs = numLegs;
},
run: function() {
console.log(`${this.name} runs with ${this.numLegs} legs.`);
}
}));
let Flying = makeClass('Flying', { Named }, protos => ({
init: function({ name, numWings }) {
protos.Named.init.call(this, { name });
this.numWings = numWings;
},
fly: function( ){
console.log(`${this.name} flies away with ${this.numWings} wings!`);
}
}));
let RunningFlying = makeClass('RunningFlying', { Running, Flying }, protos => ({
init: function({ name, numLegs, numWings }) {
protos.Running.init.call(this, { name, numLegs });
protos.Flying.init.call(this, { name, numWings });
},
takeFlight: function() {
this.run();
this.fly();
}
}));
let human = new Running({ name: 'human', numLegs: 2 });
human.run();
let airplane = new Flying({ name: 'airplane', numWings: 2 });
airplane.fly();
let dragon = new RunningFlying({ name: 'dragon', numLegs: 4, numWings: 6 });
dragon.takeFlight();
let makeClass = (name, parents, propertiesFn) => {
/* ... a bunch of makeClass logic ... */
// Allows referencing inherited functions; e.g. `parProtos.ParentClass3.usefulMethod`
let parProtos = {};
/* ... collect all parent methods in `parProtos` ... */
// Utility functions for calling inherited methods:
let util = {};
util.invokeNoDuplicates = (instance, fnName, args, dups=new Set()) => {
// Invoke every parent method of name `fnName` first...
for (let parName of parProtos) {
if (parProtos[parName].hasOwnProperty(fnName)) {
// Our parent named `parName` defines the function named `fnName`
let fn = parProtos[parName][fnName];
// Check if this function has already been encountered.
// This solves our duplicate-invocation problem!!
if (dups.has(fn)) continue;
dups.add(fn);
// This is the first time this Function has been encountered.
// Call it on `instance`, with the desired args. Make sure we
// include `dups`, so that if the parent method invokes further
// inherited methods we don't lose track of what functions have
// have already been called.
fn.call(instance, ...args, dups);
}
}
};
// Now we can call `propertiesFn` with an additional `util` param:
// Resolve `properties` as the result of calling `propertiesFn`:
let properties = propertiesFn(parProtos, util, Class);
/* ... a bunch more makeClass logic ... */
};