如何在 PostgreSQL 9.1 + 中导入模块或安装扩展？

Postgrseql 9.1 provides for a new command CREATE EXTENSION. You should use it to install modules.

Modules provided in 9.1 can be found here.. The include,

adminpack , auth_delay , auto_explain , btree_gin , btree_gist
, chkpass , citext , cube , dblink , dict_int
, dict_xsyn , dummy_seclabel , earthdistance , file_fdw , fuzzystrmatch
, hstore , intagg , intarray , isn , lo
, ltree , oid2name , pageinspect , passwordcheck , pg_archivecleanup
, pgbench , pg_buffercache , pgcrypto , pg_freespacemap , pgrowlocks
, pg_standby , pg_stat_statements , pgstattuple , pg_test_fsync , pg_trgm
, pg_upgrade , seg , sepgsql , spi , sslinfo , tablefunc
, test_parser , tsearch2 , unaccent , uuid-ossp , vacuumlo
, xml2

If for instance you wanted to install earthdistance, simply use this command:

CREATE EXTENSION earthdistance;

If you wanted to install an extension with a hyphen in its name, like uuid-ossp, you need to enclose the extension name in double quotes:

CREATE EXTENSION "uuid-ossp";

• Read more about contrib, and the modules available in 9.1.
• Read about the new extension infrastructure, and the SQL commands to manage it here You can now more easily uninstall a module, see DROP EXTENSION. You can also get an extension list, and there is basic support for version numbers.

In addition to the extensions which are maintained and provided by the core PostgreSQL development team, there are extensions available from third parties. Notably, there is a site dedicated to that purpose: http://www.pgxn.org/

Into psql terminal put:

\i <path to contrib files>

in ubuntu it usually is /usr/share/postgreslq/<your pg version>/contrib/<contrib file>.sql

While Evan Carrol's answer is correct, please note that you need to install the postgresql contrib package in order for the CREATE EXTENSION command to work.

In Ubuntu 12.04 it would go like this:

sudo apt-get install postgresql-contrib

Restart the postgresql server:

sudo /etc/init.d/postgresql restart

All available extension are in:

/usr/share/postgresql/9.1/extension/

Now you can run the CREATE EXTENSION command.

How to download and install if you have SUSE. As an example I am downloading the tablefunc module so I can use crosstab. I have PostgreSQL 9.6.1.

right-click desktop, terminal, type:

sudo zypper in postgreql-contrib

Enter credentials, continue by typing:

y

Run query (I ran mine from pgAdminIII):

CREATE EXTENSION tablefunc;

You should now have the crosstab function.

I did not have to restart.

For the postgrersql10

I have solved it with

yum install postgresql10-contrib

Don't forget to activate extensions in postgresql.conf

shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'
pg_stat_statements.track = all

then of course restart

systemctl restart postgresql-10.service

all of the needed extensions you can find here

/usr/pgsql-10/share/extension/

The extensions available for each version of Postgresql vary. An easy way to check which extensions are available is, as has been already mentioned:

SELECT * FROM pg_available_extensions;

If the extension that you are looking for is available, you can install it using:

CREATE EXTENSION 'extensionName';

or if you want to drop it use:

DROP EXTENSION 'extensionName';

With psql you can additionally check if the extension has been successfully installed using \dx, and find more details about the extension using \dx+ extensioName. It returns additional information about the extension, like which packages are used with it.

If the extension is not available in your Postgres version, then you need to download the necessary binary files and libraries and locate it them at /usr/share/conrib