向 $LOAD_PATH (Ruby)添加目录

I would say go with $:.unshift File.dirname(__FILE__) over the other one, simply because I've seen much more usage of it in code than the $LOAD_PATH one, and it's shorter too!

I'm not too fond on the 'quick-and-dirty' way. Anyone new to Ruby will be pondering what $:. is.

I find this more obvious.

libdir = File.dirname(__FILE__)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(libdir) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(libdir)

Or if I care about having the full path...

libdir = File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(libdir) unless $LOAD_PATH.include?(libdir)

UPDATE 2009/09/10

As of late I've been doing the following:

$:.unshift(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))) unless
$:.include?(File.dirname(__FILE__)) || $:.include?(File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__)))

I've seen it in a whole bunch of different ruby projects while browsing GitHub.

Seems to be the convention?

The Ruby load path is very commonly seen written as $: , but just because it is short, does not make it better. If you prefer clarity to cleverness, or if brevity for its own sake makes you itchy, you needn't do it just because everyone else is. Say hello to ...

$LOAD_PATH

... and say goodbye to ...

# I don't quite understand what this is doing...
$:

If you type script/console in your Rails project and enter $:, you'll get an array that includes all the directories needed to load Ruby. The take-away from this little exercise is that $: is an array. That being so, you can perform functions on it like prepending other directories with the unshift method or the << operator. As you implied in your statement $: and $LOAD_PATH are the same.

The disadvantage with doing it the quick and dirty way as you mentioned is this: if you already have the directory in your boot path, it will repeat itself.

Example:

I have a plugin I created called todo. My directory is structured like so:

/---vendor
|
|---/plugins
|
|---/todo
|
|---/lib
|
|---/app
|
|---/models
|---/controllers
|
|---/rails
|
|---init.rb

In the init.rb file I entered the following code:

## In vendor/plugins/todo/rails/init.rb
%w{ models controllers models }.each do |dir|
path = File.expand_path(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '../lib', 'app', dir))
$LOAD_PATH << path
ActiveSupport::Dependencies.load_paths << path
ActiveSupport::Dependencies.load_once_paths.delete(path)
end

Note how I tell the code block to perform the actions inside the block to the strings 'models', 'controllers', and 'models', where I repeat 'models'. (FYI, %w{ ... } is just another way to tell Ruby to hold an array of strings). When I run script/console, I type the following:

>> puts $:

And I type this so that it is easier to read the contents in the string. The output I get is:

...
...
./Users/Me/mySites/myRailsApp/vendor/plugins/todo/lib/app/models
./Users/Me/mySites/myRailsApp/vendor/plugins/todo/lib/app/controllers
./Users/Me/mySites/myRailsApp/vendor/plugins/todo/lib/app/models

As you can see, though this is as simple an example I could create while using a project I'm currently working on, if you're not careful the quick and dirty way will lead to repeated paths. The longer way will check for repeated paths and make sure they don't occur.

If you're an experienced Rails programmer, you probably have a very good idea of what you're doing and likely not make the mistake of repeating paths. If you're a newbie, I would go with the longer way until you understand really what you're doing.

There is a gem which will let you setup your load path with nicer and cleaner code. Check this out: https://github.com/nayyara-samuel/load-path.

It also has good documentation

Best I have come across for adding a dir via relative path when using Rspec. I find it verbose enough but also still a nice one liner.

$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib'))

I know it's been a long time since this question was first asked, but I have an additional answer that I want to share.

I have several Ruby applications that were developed by another programmer over several years, and they re-use the same classes in the different applications although they might access the same database. Since this violates the DRY rule, I decided to create a class library to be shared by all of the Ruby applications. I could have put it in the main Ruby library, but that would hide custom code in the common codebase which I didn't want to do.

I had a problem where I had a name conflict between an already defined name "profile.rb", and a class I was using. This conflict wasn't a problem until I tried to create the common code library. Normally, Ruby searches application locations first, then goes to the $LOAD_PATH locations.

The application_controller.rb could not find the class I created, and threw an error on the original definition because it is not a class. Since I removed the class definition from the app/models section of the application, Ruby could not find it there and went looking for it in the Ruby paths.

So, I modified the $LOAD_PATH variable to include a path to the library directory I was using. This can be done in the environment.rb file at initialization time.

Even with the new directory added to the search path, Ruby was throwing an error because it was preferentially taking the system-defined file first. The search path in the $LOAD_PATH variable preferentially searches the Ruby paths first.

So, I needed to change the search order so that Ruby found the class in my common library before it searched the built-in libraries.

This code did it in the environment.rb file:

Rails::Initializer.run do |config|


* * * * *


path = []
path.concat($LOAD_PATH)
$LOAD_PATH.clear
$LOAD_PATH << 'C:\web\common\lib'
$LOAD_PATH << 'C:\web\common'
$LOAD_PATH.concat(path)


* * * * *


end

I don't think you can use any of the advanced coding constructs given before at this level, but it works just fine if you want to setup something at initialization time in your app. You must maintain the original order of the original $LOAD_PATH variable when it is added back to the new variable otherwise some of the main Ruby classes get lost.

In the application_controller.rb file, I simply use a

require 'profile'
require 'etc' #etc

and this loads the custom library files for the entire application, i.e., I don't have to use require commands in every controller.

For me, this was the solution I was looking for, and I thought I would add it to this answer to pass the information along.

My 2¢: I like $LOAD_PATH rather than $:. I'm getting old... I've studied 92,000 languages. I find it hard to keep track of all the customs and idioms.

I've come to abhor namespace pollution.

Last, when I deal with paths, I always delete and then either append or prepend -- depending upon how I want the search to proceed. Thus, I do:

1.times do
models_dir = "#{File.expand_path(File.dirname(__FILE__))}/models"
$LOAD_PATH.delete(models_dir)
$LOAD_PATH.unshift(models_dir)
end