有没有办法在 sqlite 中获得列名列表？

As far as I can tell Sqlite doesn't support INFORMATION_SCHEMA. Instead it has sqlite_master.

I don't think you can get the list you want in just one command. You can get the information you need using sql or pragma, then use regex to split it into the format you need

SELECT sql FROM sqlite_master WHERE name='tablename';

gives you something like

CREATE TABLE tablename(
col1 INTEGER PRIMARY KEY AUTOINCREMENT NOT NULL,
col2 NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
col3 NVARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
)

Or using pragma

PRAGMA table_info(tablename);

gives you something like

0|col1|INTEGER|1||1
1|col2|NVARCHAR(100)|1||0
2|col3|NVARCHAR(100)|1||0

You can use sqlite3 and pep-249

import sqlite3
connection = sqlite3.connect('~/foo.sqlite')
cursor = connection.execute('select * from bar')

cursor.description is description of columns

names = list(map(lambda x: x[0], cursor.description))

Alternatively you could use a list comprehension:

names = [description[0] for description in cursor.description]

An alternative to the cursor.description solution from smallredstone could be to use row.keys():

import sqlite3
connection = sqlite3.connect('~/foo.sqlite')
connection.row_factory = sqlite3.Row
cursor = connection.execute('select * from bar')
# instead of cursor.description:
row = cursor.fetchone()
names = row.keys()

The drawback: it only works if there is at least a row returned from the query.

The benefit: you can access the columns by their name (row['your_column_name'])

Read more about the Row objects in the python documentation.

Assuming that you know the table name, and want the names of the data columns you can use the listed code will do it in a simple and elegant way to my taste:

import sqlite3


def get_col_names():
#this works beautifully given that you know the table name
conn = sqlite3.connect("t.db")
c = conn.cursor()
c.execute("select * from tablename")
return [member[0] for member in c.description]

I use this:

import sqlite3


db = sqlite3.connect('~/foo.sqlite')
dbc = db.cursor()
dbc.execute("PRAGMA table_info('bar')"
ciao = dbc.fetchall()


HeaderList=[]
for i in ciao:
counter=0
for a in i:
counter+=1
if( counter==2):
HeaderList.append(a)


print(HeaderList)

Quick, interactive way to see column names

If you're working interactively in Python and just want to quickly 'see' the column names, I found cursor.description to work.

import sqlite3
conn = sqlite3.connect('test-db.db')
cursor = conn.execute('select * from mytable')
cursor.description

Outputs something like this:

(('Date', None, None, None, None, None, None),
('Object-Name', None, None, None, None, None, None),
('Object-Count', None, None, None, None, None, None))

Or, quick way to access and print them out.

colnames = cursor.description
for row in colnames:
print row[0]

Outputs something like this:

Date
Object-Name
Object-Count

I like the answer by @thebeancounter, but prefer to parameterize the unknowns, the only problem being a vulnerability to exploits on the table name. If you're sure it's okay, then this works:

def get_col_names(cursor, tablename):
"""Get column names of a table, given its name and a cursor
(or connection) to the database.
"""
reader=cursor.execute("SELECT * FROM {}".format(tablename))
return [x[0] for x in reader.description]

If it's a problem, you could add code to sanitize the tablename.

You can get a list of column names by running:

SELECT name FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('your_table');
name
tbl_name
rootpage
sql

You can check if a certain column exists by running:

SELECT 1 FROM PRAGMA_TABLE_INFO('your_table') WHERE name='sql';
1

Reference:

https://www.sqlite.org/pragma.html#pragfunc

It is very easy.
First create a connection , lets name it, con. Then run the following code.

cur =con.cursor()
cur.execute("select * from table_name limit 1")
col_name=[i[0] for i in cur.description]
print(col_name)

You will get column name as a list

Another way of using pragma:

> table = "foo"
> cur.execute("SELECT group_concat(name, ', ') FROM pragma_table_info(?)", (table,))
> cur.fetchone()
('foo', 'bar', ...,)

Well, I may be very late to answer this but since people still follow this thread, I just wanted to share how I use to get the list of column names in python sqlite3.

import sqlite3


def getVarList(con, tableName)
return [fields[1] for fields in con.execute(f"PRAGMA table_info({tableName})").fetchall()]
    

conn = sqlite3.connect('foo.db')
varList = getVarList(conn, 'bar')

Since the question has a python flag. I feel free to post a python specific answer with pandas:

import sqlite3
import pandas as pd


path_to_db = 'path/to/db'
connect = sqlite3.connect(path_to_db, isolation_level=None)
table = 'table_name'


column_list = list(pd.read_sql_query(f"SELECT * FROM {table} limit 1", connect).columns)

import sqlite3


with sqlite3.connect('statics.db') as cur:
cur.execute("CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS data(id INT PRIMARY KEY NOT NULL)")
pragmas = cur.execute("PRAGMA table_info(data);")
columns = [n for _, n, *_ in pragmas.fetchall()]
print(columns)