在 Git 中选择性地恢复或签出对文件的更改？

是否有一个命令允许您部分撤消对工作目录中的文件(或文件)的更改？

假设您已经编辑了一个文件很多次，但是您意识到您希望将一些更改撤消回提交状态，而不是其他更改。

我正在设想一个 git checkout的选项，它的工作原理与 git add -p非常相似，也就是说，它逐块地检查文件，并询问您是否想保留它。

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小开

git checkout $file reverts the state of the file $file to the last committed state. I think you can use git checkout SHA-1 -- $file to revert the file to the commit identified by SHA-1.

小开

How many commits do you need to go back and select from? If it's just one, maybe take a branch just before it, checkout the file you committed and then use git add -p to add it how you wanted it. Then you can go back to where you were and checkout the file from your temp branch.

that is:

git checkout -b temp troublesome-commit^
git checkout troublesome-commit -- path/to/file
git add -p path/to/file
git commit -c troublesome-commit
git checkout @{-1}
git checkout temp -- path/to/file
git commit path/to/file
git branch -D temp

Other alternatives include going back and editing the commit with git rebase -i (marking the commit as edit, then doing a git reset HEAD^ and redoing the commit when dropped back into the shell).

If the changes you need to select from are spread over a series of commits, it may be better to extract them as patches (or a patch covering all of them) and hand-edit the patch, taking out the changes you want to keep, and feeding the residual into git apply --reverse.

小开
最佳答案

You could use

git add -p <path>

to stage the chunks that you want to keep in a particular file, then

git checkout -- <path>

to discard the working tree changes that you didn't want to keep, by checking out the staged version of the file.

Finally, you can use

git reset -- <path>

to revert the staged version of the file to the most recent committed version of the file to leave you with your changes unstaged.

小开

With git version >= 1.7.1 I can

git checkout -p

I am not sure when this feature was introduced.


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