是否有一种标准的方法来创建 Debian 包来分发 Python 程序？

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最佳答案

It looks like stdeb will do what you want.

Also, for installing scripts, I strongly recommend distribute's console_scripts entry point support.

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This article by Barry Warsaw helped me in getting quite far through the process. I still had to do a lot of searching on the side, though, and I read most of the Ubuntu packaging guide some time in the past.

Having a good setup.py is a really good advice. I found these two guides quite good:

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The right way of building a deb package is using dpkg-buildpackage, but sometimes it is a little bit complicated. Instead you can use dpkg -b <folder>, and it will create your Debian package.

These are the basics for creating a Debian package with dpkg -b <folder> with any binary or with any kind of script that runs automatically without needing manual compilation (Python, Bash, Perl, and Ruby):

Create the files and folders in order to recreate the following structure:
```
 ProgramName-Version/
ProgramName-Version/DEBIAN
ProgramName-Version/DEBIAN/control
ProgramName-Version/usr/
ProgramName-Version/usr/bin/
ProgramName-Version/usr/bin/your_script
```
The scripts placed at /usr/bin/ are directly called from the terminal, note that I didn't add an extension to the script. Also you can notice that the structure of the deb package will be the structure of the program once it's installed. So if you follow this logic if your program has a single file, you can directly place it under ProgramName-Version/usr/bin/your_script, but if you have multiple files, you should place them under ProgramName-Version/usr/share/ProgramName/all your files and place only one file under /usr/bin/ that will call your scripts from /usr/share/ProgramName/

Change all the folder permission to root:

 chown root:root -R /path/to/ProgramName-Version

Change the script's permissions:
```
 chmod 0755 /path/to/the/script
```
Finally, you can run: dpkg -b /path/to/the/ProgramName-Version and your deb package will be created! (You can also add the post/pre inst scripts and everything you want, it works like a normal Debian package)

Here is an example of the control file. You only need to copy-paste it in to an empty file called "control" and put it in the DEBIAN folder.

Package: ProgramName
Version: VERSION
Architecture: all
Maintainer: YOUR NAME <EMAIL>
Depends: python2.7, etc , etc,
Installed-Size: in_kb
Homepage: http://example.com
Description: Here you can put a one line description. This is the short Description.
Here you put the long description, indented by one space.

The full article about Debian packages can be read here.

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There are several libraries out there which abstract away all the necessary steps and let you transform your Python package into a Debian package with a single command.

Assuming your python package already has the setup.py, in the directory where setup.py is located, you could use:

stdeb (Already mentioned in this answer, install with pip install stdeb). To create a Debian package, run:
```
python setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
```
The output .deb file will be located in the bdist_deb directory.
fpm (install with gem install --no-ri --no-rdoc fpm). To create a Debian package, run:
```
fpm -s python -t deb setup.py
```
py2deb (install with pip install py2deb). To create a Debian package, run:
```
py2deb -r . .
```

Each of these libraries has its own caveats, so you might want to try what works best for you.

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This method works for me.

install stdeb. (pip install stdeb)
create setup.py. I'm using PyCharm. This will (https://www.jetbrains.com/help/pycharm/creating-and-running-setup-py.html) write these commands in your project directory.
sudo apt-get install python3-stdeb fakeroot python-all
python3 setup.py sdist
sudo python3 setup.py --command-packages=stdeb.command bdist_deb
your deb file is in the deb_dist directory that is in your project