Not sure if this is the same problem you are having, but this fixed it for me:
When I created my XCode project, my app name had a space in it, so trying to deploy my app always failed. I was able to fix this by using a Custom Archive Name.
In XCode 4...
Edit the Deployment Scheme
Click on the Archive tab
Then specify an Archive Name that doesn't have spaces in it.
I was having difficulty with the SetOwnerAndGroup part of Archiving - I was getting /usr/sbin/chown failed, and it was getting 'operation not permitted' on each file it tried to 'chown'.
This was easily tested in the terminal - 'chown' doesn't work, but 'sudo chown' does. Since I had no need to be changing file permissions, the simplest solution was to not do the chown.
The screenshot above shows - I just blanked out Install Owner/Group, and that did it.
I have tried all the other solutions but none of them worked for me. So I have run this on a terminal to change the owner to me on every file in my project:
As dumb as it sounds, in XCode 5.1.1, all I had to do was quit out and restart XCode just now. I know it's not much of an "answer" but it just worked for me.
Edit: this is still working as of July 2018 for folks.
Edit: this is still working as of January 2019 xcode 9.4.1
When this happens to me on Xcode 8, I do "Clean build folder" 2 times (the first time it throws an error, but the second time succeeds) and then archive again.
Note: The "Clean build folder" option is under "Product" Menu, hold the alt button and you will see the "Clean" option changing to "Clean build folder".
I had the same issue with Xcode . It started working after restarting Xcode.
In the screenshot , Xcode ->build settings , installed group was empty after restarting Xcode .the group id it has showed as some number.