find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in Selenium

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最佳答案

This error message...

DeprecationWarning: find_element_by_* commands are deprecated. Please use find_element() instead

...implies that the find_element_by_* commands are deprecated in the latest Selenium Python libraries.

As AutomatedTester mentions: This DeprecationWarning was the reflection of the changes made with respect to the decision to simplify the APIs across the languages and this does that.

Solution

Instead you have to use find_element(). As an example:

You have to include the following imports
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

Using class_name:

button = driver.find_element_by_class_name("quiz_button")

Needs be replaced with:

button = driver.find_element(By.CLASS_NAME, "quiz_button")

Along the lines of, you also have to change the following:

Using id:

element = find_element_by_id("element_id")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.ID, "element_id")

Using name:

element = find_element_by_name("element_name")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.NAME, "element_name")

Using link_text:

element = find_element_by_link_text("element_link_text")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.LINK_TEXT, "element_link_text")

Using partial_link_text:

element = find_element_by_partial_link_text("element_partial_link_text")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.PARTIAL_LINK_TEXT, "element_partial_link_text")

Using tag_name:

element = find_element_by_tag_name("element_tag_name")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.TAG_NAME, "element_tag_name")

Using css_selector:

element = find_element_by_css_selector("element_css_selector")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.CSS_SELECTOR, "element_css_selector")

Using xpath:

element = find_element_by_xpath("element_xpath")

Needs be replaced with:

element = driver.find_element(By.XPATH, "element_xpath")

Note: If you are searching and replacing to implement the above changes, you will need to do the same thing for find_elements_*, i.e., the plural forms of find_element_*.

You may also find this upgrade guide useful as it covers some other unrelated changes you may need to make when upgrading: Upgrade to Selenium 4

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@DebanjanB mentioned and explained the new structure. Also, it's better use these lines:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys
from selenium.webdriver.chrome.service import Service


s = Service('C:/Users/.../chromedriver.exe')
driver = webdriver.Chrome(service=s)

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As others mentioned, you should use find_element() or find_elements() instead of find_element_by_*() or find_elements_by_*().

I wrote the regex pattern to replace the deprecated methods to new ones, so try this if you need.

# from - e.g. find_element_by_id("test")


find_element(s?)_by_([a-z]+)\((.*)


# to - e.g. find_element(By.ID, "test")


find_element$1(By.\U$2\E, $3

Note: you need the import line to use the new methods

from selenium.webdriver.common.by import By

小开

Thank you @Stephen and undetected Selenium for your answers. After some time reading on how where to find an example of send_key, I found an amazing gist of examples.

The send_keys below example worked for me:

browser = webdriver.Chrome()

def test_key_down(driver):
driver.get('https://www.selenium.dev/selenium/web/single_text_input.html?#')


ActionChains(driver) \
.send_keys("abc") \
.perform()

test_key_down(browser)