通过 Linux 上的 Python 脚本截屏

import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grab()
img.save('test.jpg','JPEG')

this requires Python Imaging Library

This one works on X11, and perhaps on Windows too (someone, please check). Needs PyQt4:

import sys
from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save('test.png', 'png')

This works without having to use scrot or ImageMagick.

import gtk.gdk


w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
print "The size of the window is %d x %d" % sz
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
if (pb != None):
pb.save("screenshot.png","png")
print "Screenshot saved to screenshot.png."
else:
print "Unable to get the screenshot."

Borrowed from http://ubuntuforums.org/showpost.php?p=2681009&postcount=5

Cross platform solution using wxPython:

import wx
wx.App()  # Need to create an App instance before doing anything
screen = wx.ScreenDC()
size = screen.GetSize()
bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(size[0], size[1])
mem = wx.MemoryDC(bmp)
mem.Blit(0, 0, size[0], size[1], screen, 0, 0)
del mem  # Release bitmap
bmp.SaveFile('screenshot.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)

Compile all answers in one class. Outputs PIL image.

#!/usr/bin/env python
# encoding: utf-8
"""
screengrab.py


Created by Alex Snet on 2011-10-10.
Copyright (c) 2011 CodeTeam. All rights reserved.
"""


import sys
import os


import Image




class screengrab:
def __init__(self):
try:
import gtk
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByGtk


try:
import PyQt4
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByQt


try:
import wx
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByWx


try:
import ImageGrab
except ImportError:
pass
else:
self.screen = self.getScreenByPIL




def getScreenByGtk(self):
import gtk.gdk
w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
if pb is None:
return False
else:
width,height = pb.get_width(),pb.get_height()
return Image.fromstring("RGB",(width,height),pb.get_pixels() )


def getScreenByQt(self):
from PyQt4.QtGui import QPixmap, QApplication
from PyQt4.Qt import QBuffer, QIODevice
import StringIO
app = QApplication(sys.argv)
buffer = QBuffer()
buffer.open(QIODevice.ReadWrite)
QPixmap.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId()).save(buffer, 'png')
strio = StringIO.StringIO()
strio.write(buffer.data())
buffer.close()
del app
strio.seek(0)
return Image.open(strio)


def getScreenByPIL(self):
import ImageGrab
img = ImageGrab.grab()
return img


def getScreenByWx(self):
import wx
wx.App()  # Need to create an App instance before doing anything
screen = wx.ScreenDC()
size = screen.GetSize()
bmp = wx.EmptyBitmap(size[0], size[1])
mem = wx.MemoryDC(bmp)
mem.Blit(0, 0, size[0], size[1], screen, 0, 0)
del mem  # Release bitmap
#bmp.SaveFile('screenshot.png', wx.BITMAP_TYPE_PNG)
myWxImage = wx.ImageFromBitmap( myBitmap )
PilImage = Image.new( 'RGB', (myWxImage.GetWidth(), myWxImage.GetHeight()) )
PilImage.fromstring( myWxImage.GetData() )
return PilImage


if __name__ == '__main__':
s = screengrab()
screen = s.screen()
screen.show()

I have a wrapper project (pyscreenshot) for scrot, imagemagick, pyqt, wx and pygtk. If you have one of them, you can use it. All solutions are included from this discussion.

Install:

easy_install pyscreenshot

Example:

import pyscreenshot as ImageGrab


# fullscreen
im=ImageGrab.grab()
im.show()


# part of the screen
im=ImageGrab.grab(bbox=(10,10,500,500))
im.show()


# to file
ImageGrab.grab_to_file('im.png')

Just for completeness: Xlib - But it's somewhat slow when capturing the whole screen:

from Xlib import display, X
import Image #PIL


W,H = 200,200
dsp = display.Display()
try:
root = dsp.screen().root
raw = root.get_image(0, 0, W,H, X.ZPixmap, 0xffffffff)
image = Image.fromstring("RGB", (W, H), raw.data, "raw", "BGRX")
image.show()
finally:
dsp.close()

One could try to trow some types in the bottleneck-files in PyXlib, and then compile it using Cython. That could increase the speed a bit.

Edit: We can write the core of the function in C, and then use it in python from ctypes, here is something I hacked together:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <X11/X.h>
#include <X11/Xlib.h>
//Compile hint: gcc -shared -O3 -lX11 -fPIC -Wl,-soname,prtscn -o prtscn.so prtscn.c


void getScreen(const int, const int, const int, const int, unsigned char *);
void getScreen(const int xx,const int yy,const int W, const int H, /*out*/ unsigned char * data)
{
Display *display = XOpenDisplay(NULL);
Window root = DefaultRootWindow(display);


XImage *image = XGetImage(display,root, xx,yy, W,H, AllPlanes, ZPixmap);


unsigned long red_mask   = image->red_mask;
unsigned long green_mask = image->green_mask;
unsigned long blue_mask  = image->blue_mask;
int x, y;
int ii = 0;
for (y = 0; y < H; y++) {
for (x = 0; x < W; x++) {
unsigned long pixel = XGetPixel(image,x,y);
unsigned char blue  = (pixel & blue_mask);
unsigned char green = (pixel & green_mask) >> 8;
unsigned char red   = (pixel & red_mask) >> 16;


data[ii + 2] = blue;
data[ii + 1] = green;
data[ii + 0] = red;
ii += 3;
}
}
XDestroyImage(image);
XDestroyWindow(display, root);
XCloseDisplay(display);
}

And then the python-file:

import ctypes
import os
from PIL import Image


LibName = 'prtscn.so'
AbsLibPath = os.path.dirname(os.path.abspath(__file__)) + os.path.sep + LibName
grab = ctypes.CDLL(AbsLibPath)


def grab_screen(x1,y1,x2,y2):
w, h = x2-x1, y2-y1
size = w * h
objlength = size * 3


grab.getScreen.argtypes = []
result = (ctypes.c_ubyte*objlength)()


grab.getScreen(x1,y1, w, h, result)
return Image.frombuffer('RGB', (w, h), result, 'raw', 'RGB', 0, 1)
    

if __name__ == '__main__':
im = grab_screen(0,0,1440,900)
im.show()

Try it:

#!/usr/bin/python


import gtk.gdk
import time
import random
import socket
import fcntl
import struct
import getpass
import os
import paramiko


while 1:
# generate a random time between 120 and 300 sec
random_time = random.randrange(20,25)
# wait between 120 and 300 seconds (or between 2 and 5 minutes)


print "Next picture in: %.2f minutes" % (float(random_time) / 60)


time.sleep(random_time)
w = gtk.gdk.get_default_root_window()
sz = w.get_size()
print "The size of the window is %d x %d" % sz
pb = gtk.gdk.Pixbuf(gtk.gdk.COLORSPACE_RGB,False,8,sz[0],sz[1])
pb = pb.get_from_drawable(w,w.get_colormap(),0,0,0,0,sz[0],sz[1])
ts = time.asctime( time.localtime(time.time()) )
date = time.strftime("%d-%m-%Y")
timer = time.strftime("%I:%M:%S%p")
filename = timer
filename += ".png"


if (pb != None):
username = getpass.getuser() #Get username
newpath = r'screenshots/'+username+'/'+date #screenshot save path
if not os.path.exists(newpath): os.makedirs(newpath)
saveas = os.path.join(newpath,filename)
print saveas
pb.save(saveas,"png")
else:
print "Unable to get the screenshot."

There is a python package for this Autopy

The bitmap module can to screen grabbing (bitmap.capture_screen) It is multiplateform (Windows, Linux, Osx).

It's an old question. I would like to answer it using new tools.

Works with python 3 (should work with python 2, but I haven't test it) and PyQt5.

Minimal working example. Copy it to the python shell and get the result.

from PyQt5.QtWidgets import QApplication
app = QApplication([])
screen = app.primaryScreen()
screenshot = screen.grabWindow(QApplication.desktop().winId())
screenshot.save('/tmp/screenshot.png')

From this thread:

 import os
os.system("import -window root temp.png")

bit late but nevermind easy one is

import autopy
import time
time.sleep(2)
b = autopy.bitmap.capture_screen()
b.save("C:/Users/mak/Desktop/m.png")

I couldn't take screenshot in Linux with pyscreenshot or scrot because output of pyscreenshot was just a black screen png image file.

but thank god there was another very easy way for taking screenshot in Linux without installing anything. just put below code in your directory and run with python demo.py

import os
os.system("gnome-screenshot --file=this_directory.png")

also there is many available options for gnome-screenshot --help

Application Options:
-c, --clipboard                Send the grab directly to the clipboard
-w, --window                   Grab a window instead of the entire screen
-a, --area                     Grab an area of the screen instead of the entire screen
-b, --include-border           Include the window border with the screenshot
-B, --remove-border            Remove the window border from the screenshot
-p, --include-pointer          Include the pointer with the screenshot
-d, --delay=seconds            Take screenshot after specified delay [in seconds]
-e, --border-effect=effect     Effect to add to the border (shadow, border, vintage or none)
-i, --interactive              Interactively set options
-f, --file=filename            Save screenshot directly to this file
--version                      Print version information and exit
--display=DISPLAY              X display to use

You can use this

import os
os.system("import -window root screen_shot.png")

for ubuntu this work for me, you can take a screenshot of select window with this:

import gi
gi.require_version('Gtk', '3.0')
gi.require_version('Gdk', '3.0')


from gi.repository import Gdk
from gi.repository import GdkPixbuf
import numpy as np
from Xlib.display import Display


#define the window name
window_name = 'Spotify'


#define xid of your select 'window'
def locate_window(stack,window):
disp = Display()
NET_WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('_NET_WM_NAME')
WM_NAME = disp.intern_atom('WM_NAME')
name= []
for i, w in enumerate(stack):
win_id =w.get_xid()
window_obj = disp.create_resource_object('window', win_id)
for atom in (NET_WM_NAME, WM_NAME):
window_name=window_obj.get_full_property(atom, 0)
name.append(window_name.value)
for l in range(len(stack)):
if(name[2*l]==window):
return stack[l]


window = Gdk.get_default_root_window()
screen = window.get_screen()
stack = screen.get_window_stack()
myselectwindow = locate_window(stack,window_name)
img_pixbuf = Gdk.pixbuf_get_from_window(myselectwindow,*myselectwindow.get_geometry())

to transform pixbuf into array

def pixbuf_to_array(p):
w,h,c,r=(p.get_width(), p.get_height(), p.get_n_channels(), p.get_rowstride())
assert p.get_colorspace() == GdkPixbuf.Colorspace.RGB
assert p.get_bits_per_sample() == 8
if  p.get_has_alpha():
assert c == 4
else:
assert c == 3
assert r >= w * c
a=np.frombuffer(p.get_pixels(),dtype=np.uint8)
if a.shape[0] == w*c*h:
return a.reshape( (h, w, c) )
else:
b=np.zeros((h,w*c),'uint8')
for j in range(h):
b[j,:]=a[r*j:r*j+w*c]
return b.reshape( (h, w, c) )


beauty_print = pixbuf_to_array(img_pixbuf)