如何使反向跟踪()/反向跟踪_符号()打印函数名？

特定于 Linux 的 backtrace()和 backtrace_symbols()允许您生成程序的调用跟踪。但是，它只打印函数地址，而不是我的程序的名称。我怎样才能让他们也打印函数名呢？我试过用 -g和 -ggdb编译程序。下面的测试案例只打印了这个:



BACKTRACE ------------
./a.out() [0x8048616]
./a.out() [0x8048623]
/lib/libc.so.6(__libc_start_main+0xf3) [0x4a937413]
./a.out() [0x8048421]
----------------------

我希望前两个项目也显示函数名称，foo和 main

密码:

#include <execinfo.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>


static void full_write(int fd, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
while (len > 0) {
ssize_t ret = write(fd, buf, len);


if ((ret == -1) && (errno != EINTR))
break;


buf += (size_t) ret;
len -= (size_t) ret;
}
}


void print_backtrace(void)
{
static const char start[] = "BACKTRACE ------------\n";
static const char end[] = "----------------------\n";


void *bt[1024];
int bt_size;
char **bt_syms;
int i;


bt_size = backtrace(bt, 1024);
bt_syms = backtrace_symbols(bt, bt_size);
full_write(STDERR_FILENO, start, strlen(start));
for (i = 1; i < bt_size; i++) {
size_t len = strlen(bt_syms[i]);
full_write(STDERR_FILENO, bt_syms[i], len);
full_write(STDERR_FILENO, "\n", 1);
}
full_write(STDERR_FILENO, end, strlen(end));
free(bt_syms);
}
void foo()
{
print_backtrace();
}


int main()
{
foo();
return 0;
}
78837 次浏览
小开

The symbols are taken from the dynamic symbol table; you need the -rdynamic option to gcc, which makes it pass a flag to the linker which ensures that all symbols are placed in the table.

(See the Link Options page of the GCC manual, and / or the Backtraces page of the glibc manual.)

小开

Use the addr2line command to map executable addresses to source code filename+line number. Give the -f option to get function names as well.

Alternatively, try libunwind.

小开

The excellent Libbacktrace by Ian Lance Taylor solves this issue. It handles stack unwinding and supports both ordinary ELF symbols and DWARF debugging symbols.

Libbacktrace does not require exporting all symbols, which would be ugly, and ASLR does not break it.

Libbacktrace was originally part of the GCC distribution. Now, a standalone version can be found on Github:

https://github.com/ianlancetaylor/libbacktrace

小开

the answer on the top has a bug if ret == -1 and errno is EINTER you should try again, but not count ret as copied (not going to make an account just for this, if you don't like it tough)

static void full_write(int fd, const char *buf, size_t len)
{
while (len > 0) {
ssize_t ret = write(fd, buf, len);


if ((ret == -1) {
if (errno != EINTR))
break;
//else
continue;
}
buf += (size_t) ret;
len -= (size_t) ret;
}
}
小开

Boost backtrace

Very convenient because it prints both:

  • unmangled C++ function names
  • line numbers

automatically for you.

Usage summary:

#define BOOST_STACKTRACE_USE_ADDR2LINE
#include <boost/stacktrace.hpp>


std::cout << boost::stacktrace::stacktrace() << std::endl;

I have provided a minimal runnable example for it and many other methods at: print call stack in C or C++


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