为什么java的SimpleDateFormat不是线程安全的?

请用一个代码示例说明为什么SimpleDateFormat不是线程安全的。这门课的问题是什么? SimpleDateFormat的格式功能有问题吗吗? 请给出一个代码,在课堂上演示这个错误

FastDateFormat是线程安全。为什么? SimpleDateFormat和FastDateFormat的区别是什么?< / p >

请用一个代码说明这个问题?

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SimpleDateFormat将中间结果存储在实例字段中。因此,如果一个实例被两个线程使用,它们会混淆彼此的结果。

查看源代码可以发现有一个Calendar实例字段,用于DateFormat / SimpleDateFormat上的操作。

例如,parse(..)最初调用calendar.clear(),然后调用calendar.add(..)。如果另一个线程在第一次调用完成之前调用parse(..),它将清除日历,但另一个调用将期望用计算的中间结果填充它。

在不交易线程安全的情况下重用日期格式的一种方法是将它们放在ThreadLocal中——一些库会这样做。这是如果你需要在一个线程中多次使用相同的格式。但如果您使用的是servlet容器(有线程池),请记得在完成后清理线程本地。

说实话,我不明白为什么他们需要实例字段,但这就是它的方式。你也可以使用线程安全的joda-time DateTimeFormat

SimpleDateFormat是一个具体的类,用于以地区敏感的方式格式化和解析日期。

JavaDoc

但是Date格式是< em > < / em >不同步。建议创建 为每个线程分离格式实例。如果多个线程访问 it must be synchronized externally。< / p >

要使SimpleDateFormat类线程安全,请查看下面的方法:

  • 每次需要使用SimpleDateFormat实例时,都创建一个新的SimpleDateFormat实例。虽然这是线程安全的,但它是最慢的方法。
  • 使用同步。这是一个坏主意,因为您不应该在服务器上阻塞线程。
  • 使用ThreadLocal。这是3种方法中最快的方法(参见http://www.javacodegeeks.com/2010/07/java-best-practices-dateformat-in.html)。

下面是一个代码示例,它证明了类中的错误。我检查过:问题发生在使用解析时,也当你只使用格式。

commons-lang的3.2版将有FastDateParser类,它是一个线程安全的替代SimpleDateFormat的公历。更多信息见LANG-909

ThreadLocal + SimpleDateFormat = SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe

package com.foocoders.text;


import java.text.AttributedCharacterIterator;
import java.text.DateFormatSymbols;
import java.text.FieldPosition;
import java.text.NumberFormat;
import java.text.ParseException;
import java.text.ParsePosition;
import java.text.SimpleDateFormat;
import java.util.Calendar;
import java.util.Date;
import java.util.Locale;
import java.util.TimeZone;


public class SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe extends SimpleDateFormat {


private static final long serialVersionUID = 5448371898056188202L;
ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat> localSimpleDateFormat;


public SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe() {
super();
localSimpleDateFormat = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat();
}
};
}


public SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe(final String pattern) {
super(pattern);
localSimpleDateFormat = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat(pattern);
}
};
}


public SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe(final String pattern, final DateFormatSymbols formatSymbols) {
super(pattern, formatSymbols);
localSimpleDateFormat = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, formatSymbols);
}
};
}


public SimpleDateFormatThreadSafe(final String pattern, final Locale locale) {
super(pattern, locale);
localSimpleDateFormat = new ThreadLocal<SimpleDateFormat>() {
protected SimpleDateFormat initialValue() {
return new SimpleDateFormat(pattern, locale);
}
};
}


public Object parseObject(String source) throws ParseException {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().parseObject(source);
}


public String toString() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().toString();
}


public Date parse(String source) throws ParseException {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().parse(source);
}


public Object parseObject(String source, ParsePosition pos) {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().parseObject(source, pos);
}


public void setCalendar(Calendar newCalendar) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().setCalendar(newCalendar);
}


public Calendar getCalendar() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().getCalendar();
}


public void setNumberFormat(NumberFormat newNumberFormat) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().setNumberFormat(newNumberFormat);
}


public NumberFormat getNumberFormat() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().getNumberFormat();
}


public void setTimeZone(TimeZone zone) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().setTimeZone(zone);
}


public TimeZone getTimeZone() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().getTimeZone();
}


public void setLenient(boolean lenient) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().setLenient(lenient);
}


public boolean isLenient() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().isLenient();
}


public void set2DigitYearStart(Date startDate) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().set2DigitYearStart(startDate);
}


public Date get2DigitYearStart() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().get2DigitYearStart();
}


public StringBuffer format(Date date, StringBuffer toAppendTo, FieldPosition pos) {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().format(date, toAppendTo, pos);
}


public AttributedCharacterIterator formatToCharacterIterator(Object obj) {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().formatToCharacterIterator(obj);
}


public Date parse(String text, ParsePosition pos) {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().parse(text, pos);
}


public String toPattern() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().toPattern();
}


public String toLocalizedPattern() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().toLocalizedPattern();
}


public void applyPattern(String pattern) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().applyPattern(pattern);
}


public void applyLocalizedPattern(String pattern) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().applyLocalizedPattern(pattern);
}


public DateFormatSymbols getDateFormatSymbols() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().getDateFormatSymbols();
}


public void setDateFormatSymbols(DateFormatSymbols newFormatSymbols) {
localSimpleDateFormat.get().setDateFormatSymbols(newFormatSymbols);
}


public Object clone() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().clone();
}


public int hashCode() {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().hashCode();
}


public boolean equals(Object obj) {
return localSimpleDateFormat.get().equals(obj);
}


}

https://gist.github.com/pablomoretti/9748230

下面的示例将SimpleDateFormat对象定义为静态字段。当两个或多个线程以不同的日期并发地访问“someMethod”时,它们可能会扰乱彼此的结果。

    public class SimpleDateFormatExample {
private static final SimpleDateFormat simpleFormat = new SimpleDateFormat("yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS");


public String someMethod(Date date) {
return simpleFormat.format(date);
}
}

您可以创建如下所示的服务,并使用jmeter模拟并发用户,使用相同的SimpleDateFormat对象格式化不同的日期,结果将是混乱的。

public class FormattedTimeHandler extends AbstractHandler {


private static final String OUTPUT_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS";
private static final String INPUT_TIME_FORMAT = "yyyy-MM-ddHH:mm:ss";
private static final SimpleDateFormat simpleFormat = new SimpleDateFormat(OUTPUT_TIME_FORMAT);
// apache commons lang3 FastDateFormat is threadsafe
private static final FastDateFormat fastFormat = FastDateFormat.getInstance(OUTPUT_TIME_FORMAT);


public void handle(String target, Request baseRequest, HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response)
throws IOException, ServletException {


response.setContentType("text/html;charset=utf-8");
response.setStatus(HttpServletResponse.SC_OK);
baseRequest.setHandled(true);


final String inputTime = request.getParameter("time");
Date date = LocalDateTime.parse(inputTime, DateTimeFormat.forPattern(INPUT_TIME_FORMAT)).toDate();


final String method = request.getParameter("method");
if ("SimpleDateFormat".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
// use SimpleDateFormat as a static constant field, not thread safe
response.getWriter().println(simpleFormat.format(date));
} else if ("FastDateFormat".equalsIgnoreCase(method)) {
// use apache commons lang3 FastDateFormat, thread safe
response.getWriter().println(fastFormat.format(date));
} else {
// create new SimpleDateFormat instance when formatting date, thread safe
response.getWriter().println(new SimpleDateFormat(OUTPUT_TIME_FORMAT).format(date));
}
}


public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
// embedded jetty configuration, running on port 8090. change it as needed.
Server server = new Server(8090);
server.setHandler(new FormattedTimeHandler());


server.start();
server.join();
}

代码和jmeter脚本可以从在这里下载。

下面这个例子会导致一个奇怪的错误。甚至谷歌也没有给出结果:

public class ExampleClass {


private static final Pattern dateCreateP = Pattern.compile("Дата подачи:\\s*(.+)");
private static final SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("HH:mm:ss dd.MM.yyyy");


public static void main(String[] args) {
ExecutorService executor = Executors.newFixedThreadPool(100);
while (true) {
executor.submit(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
workConcurrently();
}
});
}
}


public static void workConcurrently() {
Matcher matcher = dateCreateP.matcher("Дата подачи: 19:30:55 03.05.2015");
Timestamp startAdvDate = null;
try {
if (matcher.find()) {
String dateCreate = matcher.group(1);
startAdvDate = new Timestamp(sdf.parse(dateCreate).getTime());
}
} catch (Throwable th) {
th.printStackTrace();
}
System.out.print("OK ");
}
}

结果是:

OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK OK java.lang.NumberFormatException: For input string: ".201519E.2015192E2"
at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.readJavaFormatString(FloatingDecimal.java:2043)
at sun.misc.FloatingDecimal.parseDouble(FloatingDecimal.java:110)
at java.lang.Double.parseDouble(Double.java:538)
at java.text.DigitList.getDouble(DigitList.java:169)
at java.text.DecimalFormat.parse(DecimalFormat.java:2056)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.subParse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1869)
at java.text.SimpleDateFormat.parse(SimpleDateFormat.java:1514)
at java.text.DateFormat.parse(DateFormat.java:364)
at com.nonscalper.webscraper.processor.av.ExampleClass.workConcurrently(ExampleClass.java:37)
at com.nonscalper.webscraper.processor.av.ExampleClass$1.run(ExampleClass.java:25)
at java.util.concurrent.Executors$RunnableAdapter.call(Executors.java:511)
at java.util.concurrent.FutureTask.run(FutureTask.java:266)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor.runWorker(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:1142)
at java.util.concurrent.ThreadPoolExecutor$Worker.run(ThreadPoolExecutor.java:617)
at java.lang.Thread.run(Thread.java:745)

在Java 8中,DateTimeFormatter是不可变的线程安全的SimpleDateFormat的替代品。

如果你想在多个线程中使用相同的日期格式,请将其声明为静态格式,并在使用时对实例变量进行同步…

static private SimpleDateFormat sdf = new SimpleDateFormat("....");


synchronized(sdf)
{
// use the instance here to format a date
}




// The above makes it thread safe