在 UML 类图中，什么是边界类、控制类和实体类？

我现在使用 NetBeans 作为我选择的 IDE，它有一个用于 UML 建模的插件。在类图中，有称为 Boundary Class、 Control Class和 Entity Class的模型元素。然而，我找不到一个很好的定义，但是我在 UML 类图中找到了 这个网站。

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These are class stereotypes used in analysis.

  • boundary classes are ones at the boundary of the system - the classes that you or other systems interact with

  • entity classes classes are your typical business entities like "person" and "bank account"

  • control classes implement some business logic or other

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Often used with/as a part of OOAD and business modeling. The definition by Neil is correct, but it is basically identical to MVC, but just abstracted for the business. The "Good summary" is well done so I will not copy it here as it is not my work, more detailed but inline with Neil's bullet points.

Good summary - Conceito: Entity-Control-Boundary Pattern

OOAD

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Actually, the Robustness Diagrams (or Analysis Diagrams, as they are sometimes called) are just specialized Class Diagrams. They are a part of UML, and have been from the beginning (see Jacobson's book, The Unified Software Development Process - part of the "Three Amigos" series of books). The aforementioned book has a good definition of these three classes on pp 183-185.

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最佳答案

Robustness diagrams are written after use cases and before class diagrams. They help to identify the roles of use case steps. You can use them to ensure your use cases are sufficiently robust to represent usage requirements for the system you're building.

They involve:

  1. Actors
  2. Use Cases
  3. Entities
  4. Boundaries
  5. Controls

Whereas the Model-View-Controller pattern is used for user interfaces, the Entity-Control-Boundary Pattern (ECB) is used for systems. The following aspects of ECB can be likened to an abstract version of MVC, if that's helpful:

UML notation

Entities (model)
Objects representing system data, often from the domain model.

Boundaries (view/service collaborator)
Objects that interface with system actors (e.g. a user or external service). Windows, screens and menus are examples of boundaries that interface with users.

Controls (controller)
Objects that mediate between boundaries and entities. These serve as the glue between boundary elements and entity elements, implementing the logic required to manage the various elements and their interactions. It is important to understand that you may decide to implement controllers within your design as something other than objects – many controllers are simple enough to be implemented as a method of an entity or boundary class for example.

Four rules apply to their communication:

  1. Actors can only talk to boundary objects.
  2. Boundary objects can only talk to controllers and actors.
  3. Entity objects can only talk to controllers.
  4. Controllers can talk to boundary objects and entity objects, and to other controllers, but not to actors

Communication allowed: 

         Entity    Boundary   Control
Entity     X                     X
Boundary                         X
Control    X          X          X
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Boundary Control Entity pattern have two versions:
- old structural, described at 127 (entity as an data model elements, control as an functions, boundary as an application interface)
- new object pattern


As an object pattern:
- Boundary is an interface for "other world"
- Control in an any internal logic (like a service in DDD pattern)
- Entity is an an persistence serwis for objects (like a repository in DDD pattern).
All classes have operations (see Fowler anemic domain model anti-pattern)
All of them is an Model component in MVC pattern. The rules:
- Only Boundary provide services for the "other world"
- Boundary can call only to Controll
- Control can call anybody
- Entity can't call anybody (!), only be called.

jz

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For the records, the Entity-Boundary-Control pattern comes from use-case driven software development and is much older than Scott Ambler's robustness diagrams who only reused the concept.

The pattern is not part of UML, but is closely related to it because it was promoted by Ivar Jacobson (who initiated it in 1992), Grady Booch and Jim Rumbaugh, the founding fathers of UML... and of the Unified process (UP, RUP). In UML it's just stereotypes like any others.

The Wikipedia explains it best, but Control classes correspond to Use Cases, Boundary classes correspond to the association between a Use-Case and an Actor, and Entities correspond to domain objects identified as being involved in the use-case.

The circulars symbols that most UML tools use with predefined BCE stereotypes are also from Jacobson. The robustness rules are just the transposition of the use-case mapping explained above.


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