create or replace function create_constraint_if_not_exists (
t_name text, c_name text, constraint_sql text
)
returns void AS
$$
begin
-- Look for our constraint
if not exists (select constraint_name
from information_schema.constraint_column_usage
where table_name = t_name and constraint_name = c_name) then
execute constraint_sql;
end if;
end;
$$ language 'plpgsql'
DO $$
BEGIN
BEGIN
ALTER TABLE foo ADD CONSTRAINT bar ... ;
EXCEPTION
WHEN duplicate_table THEN -- postgres raises duplicate_table at surprising times. Ex.: for UNIQUE constraints.
WHEN duplicate_object THEN
RAISE NOTICE 'Table constraint foo.bar already exists';
END;
END $$;
我选择使用一个匿名代码块来解决这个问题,这与 Mike Stankavich 非常相似,但与 Mike 不同(他发现了一个错误) ,我首先检查约束是否存在:
DO $$
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS ( SELECT constraint_schema
, constraint_name
FROM information_schema.check_constraints
WHERE constraint_schema = 'myschema'
AND constraint_name = 'myconstraintname'
)
THEN
ALTER TABLE myschema.mytable ADD CONSTRAINT myconstraintname CHECK (column <= 100);
END IF;
END$$;
DO
$$ BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS (select constraint_name
from information_schema.table_constraints
where table_schema='schame_name' and upper(table_name) =
upper('table_name') and upper(constraint_name) = upper('constraint_name'))
THEN
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME ADD CONSTRAINT CONTRAINT_NAME..... ;
ELSE raise NOTICE 'Constraint CONTRAINT_NAME already exists in Table TABLE_NAME';
END IF;
END
$$;
使用 Information _ schema检查约束对外键不起作用。我使用 pg_constraint检查 主键、 外国钥匙或 独一无二约束:
CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION add_constraint(t_name text, c_name text, constraint_sql text)
RETURNS void
AS $$
BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS(
SELECT c.conname
FROM pg_constraint AS c
INNER JOIN pg_class AS t ON c.conrelid = t."oid"
WHERE t.relname = t_name AND c.conname = c_name
) THEN
EXECUTE 'ALTER TABLE ' || t_name || ' ADD CONSTRAINT ' || c_name || ' ' || constraint_sql;
END IF;
END;
$$
LANGUAGE plpgsql;
DO $$ BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_constraint
WHERE conrelid = 'foo'::regclass AND conname = 'bar') THEN
ALTER TABLE foo ADD CONSTRAINT bar...;
END IF;
END $$;
This will also work for tables in other schemas, e.g.:
DO $$ BEGIN
IF NOT EXISTS (SELECT FROM pg_constraint
WHERE conrelid = 's.foo'::regclass AND conname = 'bar') THEN
ALTER TABLE s.foo ADD CONSTRAINT bar...;
END IF;
END $$;