通过读取另一个文件的内容在 makefile 中创建一个变量

如何从 makefile 动态创建一个变量，其值将是另一个数据文件的全部内容。

91741 次浏览
小开

I'm guessing that you like to set a variable in your Makefile to the contents of another file:

FILE=test.txt
VARIABLE=`cat $(FILE)`


target:
echo $(VARIABLE)
小开
最佳答案

Assuming GNU make:

file := whatever.txt
variable := $(shell cat ${file})
小开

cat doesn't exist on Windows. Solution that works for Linux and Windows:

cat := $(if $(filter $(OS),Windows_NT),type,cat)
variable := $(shell $(cat) filename)

Explanation: Seems like On Windows there is always OS environment variable defined to be equal to 'Windows_NT'. This way, for Windows type command is used, for non-Windows cat is used.

小开

As the platform has not been specified, this is the way how it works on Solaris:

VERSION:sh = cat VERSION


all:
echo $(VERSION)
小开

GNU make version 4.2 supports file reading operation, so with respect to Maxim Egorushkin's great answer there is an optional way to solve this problem now:

FILE     := test.txt
variable :=$(file < $(FILE))
小开

Much simpler since $(file op filename) was added:

VARIABLE = $(file < my_file.txt)

Manual page here: https://www.gnu.org/software/make/manual/html_node/File-Function.html#index-file_002c-reading-from

小开

If you are using GNU make, another way to get this effect is to use a make "include" of another makefile:

From Makefile:

include "./MyFile.mak"

Create a file "MyFile.mak" with content:

FILE := "my file content"
FILE += "more content 1"
FILE += "more content 2"
小开

Here's a more portable solution, which works with MAKE version 3, where file directive isn't available. The downside is that it requires creating a temporary file in the process.

$(shell echo define my_variable > file.tmp)
$(shell cat my_file.txt >> file.tmp)
$(shell echo endef >> file.tmp)
include file.tmp

The main idea is to use define directive, which is specifically designed to declare multiline variables. Of course, you can avoid using shell and a temporary file if you can explicitly write file contents for Makefile usage.

Keep in mind that, if your file contains $ signs, MAKE will try to expand them as variables/directives when my_variable is expanded (or when assigned, of you define it with :=). If you want to avoid it, you need to escape them before including file contents. For example, instead of cat you can do this:

$(shell sed 's/\$$/$$$$/g' my_file.txt >> file.tmp)

提交答案