TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT L + 1 bytes, where L < 2^8 (255 Bytes)
BLOB, TEXT L + 2 bytes, where L < 2^16 (64 Kilobytes)
MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT L + 3 bytes, where L < 2^24 (16 Megabytes)
LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT L + 4 bytes, where L < 2^32 (4 Gigabytes)
Data Type Storage Required Before MySQL 5.6.4 Storage Required as of MySQL 5.6.4
YEAR 1 byte 1 byte
DATE 3 bytes 3 bytes
TIME 3 bytes 3 bytes + fractional seconds storage
DATETIME 8 bytes 5 bytes + fractional seconds storage
TIMESTAMP 4 bytes 4 bytes + fractional seconds storage
Data Type Storage Required
CHAR(M) The compact family of InnoDB row formats optimize storage for variable-length character sets. See COMPACT Row Format Characteristics. Otherwise, M × w bytes, <= M <= 255, where w is the number of bytes required for the maximum-length character in the character set.
BINARY(M) M bytes, 0 <= M <= 255
VARCHAR(M), VARBINARY(M) L + 1 bytes if column values require 0 − 255 bytes, L + 2 bytes if values may require more than 255 bytes
TINYBLOB, TINYTEXT L + 1 bytes, where L < 28
BLOB, TEXT L + 2 bytes, where L < 216
MEDIUMBLOB, MEDIUMTEXT L + 3 bytes, where L < 224
LONGBLOB, LONGTEXT L + 4 bytes, where L < 232
ENUM('value1','value2',...) 1 or 2 bytes, depending on the number of enumeration values (65,535 values maximum)
SET('value1','value2',...) 1, 2, 3, 4, or 8 bytes, depending on the number of set members (64 members maximum)