安装 OpenCV 失败，因为它找不到“ skbuild”

我有一个 docker 映像，我需要在其中安装 openCV，从昨天开始，它开始失败，因为它无法找到“ skbuild”模块:

Step 12/24 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
---> Running in a0f746a23aed
Collecting opencv-python
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-cciracwm/opencv-python/setup.py", line 9, in <module>
import skbuild
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'skbuild'

在主机上我也找不到模块，pip search要么什么也不返回，要么返回一个服务器错误:

sudo pip3 search skbuild
WARNING: The directory '/home/ali/.cache/pip' or its parent directory is not owned or is not writable by the current user. The cache has been disabled. Check the permissions and owner of that directory. If executing pip with sudo, you may want sudo's -H flag.
ERROR: Exception:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/cli/base_command.py", line 216, in _main
status = self.run(options, args)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 60, in run
pypi_hits = self.search(query, options)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/commands/search.py", line 80, in search
hits = pypi.search({'name': query, 'summary': query}, 'or')
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1112, in __call__
return self.__send(self.__name, args)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1452, in __request
verbose=self.__verbose
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.6/dist-packages/pip/_internal/network/xmlrpc.py", line 45, in request
return self.parse_response(response.raw)
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 1342, in parse_response
return u.close()
File "/usr/lib/python3.6/xmlrpc/client.py", line 656, in close
raise Fault(**self._stack[0])
xmlrpc.client.Fault: <Fault -32403: 'server error; service unavailable'>

这是因为他们的服务器有一些问题，或它是有关我的 pip？

更新

我在不同的 python 和 pip 版本、 python 版本3.6和3.7以及 pip 版本19.12和20.2.2和9.0.1(图片内部版本)上试用了它。

更新2

在安装 opencv 之前，我添加了 pip install scikit-build，但是我得到了另一个与 cmake 相关的错误:

Step 12/25 : RUN pip install scikit-build
---> Running in afe0c5c0fca0
Collecting scikit-build
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/78/c9/7c2c7397ea64e36ebb292446896edcdecbb8c1aa6b9a1a32f6f67984c3df/scikit_build-0.11.1-py2.py3-none-any.whl (72kB)
Collecting packaging (from scikit-build)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/46/19/c5ab91b1b05cfe63cccd5cfc971db9214c6dd6ced54e33c30d5af1d2bc43/packaging-20.4-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: wheel>=0.29.0 in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Collecting distro (from scikit-build)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/25/b7/b3c4270a11414cb22c6352ebc7a83aaa3712043be29daa05018fd5a5c956/distro-1.5.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: setuptools>=28.0.0; python_version >= "3" in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from scikit-build)
Requirement already satisfied: six in /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages (from packaging->scikit-build)
Collecting pyparsing>=2.0.2 (from packaging->scikit-build)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/8a/bb/488841f56197b13700afd5658fc279a2025a39e22449b7cf29864669b15d/pyparsing-2.4.7-py2.py3-none-any.whl (67kB)
Installing collected packages: pyparsing, packaging, distro, scikit-build
Successfully installed distro-1.5.0 packaging-20.4 pyparsing-2.4.7 scikit-build-0.11.1
Removing intermediate container afe0c5c0fca0
---> 533658ddf26d
Step 13/25 : RUN pip install opencv-python opencv-contrib-python
---> Running in 0f2c03bc042a
Collecting opencv-python
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/77/f5/49f034f8d109efcf9b7e98fbc051878b83b2f02a1c73f92bbd37f317288e/opencv-python-4.4.0.42.tar.gz (88.9MB)
Collecting opencv-contrib-python
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/48/98/05bd8e00c71b66c4e7847cc051cac404191d904df58b51a7dcc3767ff747/opencv_contrib_python-4.2.0.34-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (34.2MB)
Collecting numpy>=1.14.5 (from opencv-python)
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3d/d1/90cd7e0b27ee86d77f5386d38b74520486100286d50772377791b6ef22ff/numpy-1.19.1-cp37-cp37m-manylinux1_x86_64.whl (13.4MB)
Building wheels for collected packages: opencv-python
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: started
Running setup.py bdist_wheel for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" bdist_wheel -d /tmp/tmpycj03zlwpip-wheel- --python-tag cp37:
/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
warnings.warn(msg)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
"Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
  

Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
  

----------------------------------------
Failed building wheel for opencv-python
Running setup.py clean for opencv-python
Failed to build opencv-python
Installing collected packages: numpy, opencv-python, opencv-contrib-python
Found existing installation: numpy 1.13.3
Not uninstalling numpy at /usr/lib/python3/dist-packages, outside environment /usr
Running setup.py install for opencv-python: started
Running setup.py install for opencv-python: finished with status 'error'
Complete output from command /usr/bin/python -u -c "import setuptools, tokenize;__file__='/tmp/pip-build-w49xv99a/opencv-python/setup.py';f=getattr(tokenize, 'open', open)(__file__);code=f.read().replace('\r\n', '\n');f.close();exec(compile(code, __file__, 'exec'))" install --record /tmp/pip-maky1uyw-record/install-record.txt --single-version-externally-managed --compile:
/usr/lib/python3.7/distutils/dist.py:274: UserWarning: Unknown distribution option: 'long_description_content_type'
warnings.warn(msg)
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/setuptools_wrap.py", line 560, in setup
cmkr = cmaker.CMaker(cmake_executable)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 95, in __init__
self.cmake_version = get_cmake_version(self.cmake_executable)
File "/usr/local/lib/python3.7/dist-packages/skbuild/cmaker.py", line 82, in get_cmake_version
"Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is %s" % cmake_executable)
    

Problem with the CMake installation, aborting build. CMake executable is cmake
138060 次浏览
小开

skbuild is for Scikit-build.

Install it using pip:

As for windows: pip install scikit-build

After the succesfull installation:

pip install cmake

小开

If you read the opencv-python package FAQ in PyPI, it clearly provides an answer for this specific issue: you must run pip install --upgrade pip. Check pip version afterwards with pip -V.

This is because your pip is too old to understand the new manylinux2014 package format and tries to compile from source. That will also fail because pip is too old to understand how to use pyproject.toml to install build dependencies such as scikit-build.

Another issue I'm spotting is that you install both opencv-python and opencv-contrib-python. You should not do this. It's also explained in the PyPI page of the packages. Most likely you should be using just opencv-contrib-python-headless package since you are using Docker and I assume you do not use the GUI functionalities of OpenCV.

小开

I also had the error, in my case when executing

python3.7 -m pip install --user opencv-python in order to get catkin_make -j8 working again in a ROS project. Thus, Docker is not needed to get the error.

First the details:

Collecting opencv-python
Cache entry deserialization failed, entry ignored
Downloading https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/30/46/821920986c7ce5bae5518c1d490e520a9ab4cef51e3e54e35094dadf0d68/opencv-python-4.4.0.46.tar.gz (88.9MB)
100% |████████████████████████████████| 88.9MB 17kB/s
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "<string>", line 1, in <module>
File "/tmp/pip-build-8jky5692/opencv-python/setup.py", line 9, in <module>
import skbuild
ModuleNotFoundError: No module named 'skbuild'
    

----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in /tmp/pip-build-8jky5692/opencv-python/

Just documenting what I did to solve it:

  • python -m pip install --user opencv-python gives me /usr/bin/python: No module named pip
  • sudo apt install python-pip (in addition to the already existing sudo apt install python3-pip installation for pip3)
  • python -m pip -V now gives me pip 9.0.1 from /usr/lib/python2.7/dist-packages (python 2.7)
  • pip -V gives me pip 20.3.3 from /home/MYUSERNAME/.local/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6) (because apt-get installs a standard 3.6, independently from existing python versions)
  • sudo apt-get update && sudo apt-get install cmake libopenmpi-dev python3.7-dev zlib1g-dev (not sure if this step is needed)
  • pip install opencv-python WORKING
  • catkin_make -j8 in my catkin workspace in the Python base environment WORKING

Additional hints for the cmake error that is mentioned in the Update 2

This cmake error is perhaps due to a corrupted workspace during or after catkin_make install:

  • I had a similar cmake error when I executed the catkin_make command inside my Python virtual environment. When I changed back to the base environment (using deactivate), catkin_make ran through. This is probably due to dependency issues in the virtual environment, perhaps also because of the version that is used when you use standard python -m that is used by some internal scripts, see one of the bullet points above. I had to assign python2.7 to the python -m pip -V pip version, probably because ROS gazebo needed 2.7.
  • Most promising (if this is a catkin issue): simply remove catkin and install it again, see Error 2 Invoking "make -j4 -l4" failed.
  • Perhaps also see Invoking "cmake" failed.
小开

just update the pip and it will work

python -m pip install --upgrade pip
小开

with python3 you need to use pip3

小开

11/may/2021: faced same issue on a fresh ubuntu18 virtualbox image. this worked for me

sudo -H pip3 install --upgrade pip


pip3 install opencv-python
小开

Since I have python3 installed, I had to use

python3 -m pip install --upgrade pip

小开

Just update pip. If you use python3 then:

pip3 install --upgrade pip
pip3 install opencv-python
小开

I had a similar problem and what finally worked was to change from python:3-alpine to python:3.8-slim and install python and openCV similar to what has been done in the selected answer here: Minimal SciPy Dockerfile

小开

If non of these answers works for you try:

pip3 install opencv-python-headless

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