如何在 Xvfb 运行硒？

我在 EC2实例上，所以没有 GUI。

$pip install selenium
$sudo apt-get install firefox xvfb

然后我这样做:

$Xvfb :1 -screen 0 1024x768x24 2>&1 >/dev/null &


$DISPLAY=:1 java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.0b3.jar
05:08:31.227 INFO - Java: Sun Microsystems Inc. 19.0-b09
05:08:31.229 INFO - OS: Linux 2.6.32-305-ec2 i386
05:08:31.233 INFO - v2.0 [b3], with Core v2.0 [b3]
05:08:32.121 INFO - RemoteWebDriver instances should connect to: http://127.0.0.1:4444/wd/hub
05:08:32.122 INFO - Version Jetty/5.1.x
05:08:32.123 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server/driver,/selenium-server/driver]
05:08:32.124 INFO - Started HttpContext[/selenium-server,/selenium-server]
05:08:32.124 INFO - Started HttpContext[/,/]
05:08:32.291 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.servlet.ServletHandler@1186fab
05:08:32.292 INFO - Started HttpContext[/wd,/wd]
05:08:32.295 INFO - Started SocketListener on 0.0.0.0:4444
05:08:32.295 INFO - Started org.openqa.jetty.jetty.Server@1ffb8dc

太好了，一切都会好起来的，对吧？

当我运行代码时:

from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.common.exceptions import NoSuchElementException
from selenium.webdriver.common.keys import Keys


browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get("http://www.yahoo.com")

我明白了:

Error: cannot open display: :0
115445 次浏览
小开
最佳答案

open a terminal and run this command xhost +. This commands needs to be run every time you restart your machine. If everything works fine may be you can add this to startup commands

Also make sure in your /etc/environment file there is a line 

export DISPLAY=:0.0

And then, run your tests to see if your issue is resolved.

All please note the comment from sardathrion below before using this.

小开

This is the setup I use:

Before running the tests, execute:

export DISPLAY=:99
/etc/init.d/xvfb start

And after the tests:

/etc/init.d/xvfb stop

The init.d file I use looks like this:

#!/bin/bash


XVFB=/usr/bin/Xvfb
XVFBARGS="$DISPLAY -ac -screen 0 1024x768x16"
PIDFILE=${HOME}/xvfb_${DISPLAY:1}.pid
case "$1" in
start)
echo -n "Starting virtual X frame buffer: Xvfb"
/sbin/start-stop-daemon --start --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE --make-pidfile --background --exec $XVFB -- $XVFBARGS
echo "."
;;
stop)
echo -n "Stopping virtual X frame buffer: Xvfb"
/sbin/start-stop-daemon --stop --quiet --pidfile $PIDFILE
echo "."
;;
restart)
$0 stop
$0 start
;;
*)
echo "Usage: /etc/init.d/xvfb {start|stop|restart}"
exit 1
esac
exit 0
小开

You can use PyVirtualDisplay (a Python wrapper for Xvfb) to run headless WebDriver tests.

#!/usr/bin/env python


from pyvirtualdisplay import Display
from selenium import webdriver


display = Display(visible=0, size=(800, 600))
display.start()


# now Firefox will run in a virtual display.
# you will not see the browser.
browser = webdriver.Firefox()
browser.get('http://www.google.com')
print browser.title
browser.quit()


display.stop()

more info

You can also use xvfbwrapper, which is a similar module (but has no external dependencies):

from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb


vdisplay = Xvfb()
vdisplay.start()


# launch stuff inside virtual display here


vdisplay.stop()

or better yet, use it as a context manager:

from xvfbwrapper import Xvfb


with Xvfb() as xvfb:
# launch stuff inside virtual display here.
# It starts/stops in this code block.
小开

The easiest way is probably to use xvfb-run:

DISPLAY=:1 xvfb-run java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.0b3.jar

xvfb-run does the whole X authority dance for you, give it a try!

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If you use Maven, you can use xvfb-maven-plugin to start xvfb before tests, run them using related DISPLAY environment variable, and stop xvfb after all.


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