如何漂亮地打印 HTML 到一个文件，缩进

小开

If you don't care about quirky HTMLness (e.g. you must support absolutely support those hordes of Netscpae 2.0-using clients, so having <br> instead of <br /> is a must), you can always change your method to "xml", which seems to work. This is probably a bug in lxml or in libxml, but I couldn't find the reason for it.

小开

Couldn't you just pipe it into HTML Tidy? Either from the shell or through os.system().

小开

not really my code, I picked it somewhere

def indent(elem, level=0):
i = '\n' + level * '  '
if len(elem):
if not elem.text or not elem.text.strip():
elem.text = i + '  '
if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
elem.tail = i
for elem in elem:
indent(elem, level+1)
if not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip():
elem.tail = i
else:
if level and (not elem.tail or not elem.tail.strip()):
elem.tail = i

I use it with:

indent(page)
tostring(page)

小开

Under the hood, lxml uses libxml2 to serialize the tree back into a string. Here is the relevant snippet of code that determines whether to append a newline after closing a tag:

    xmlOutputBufferWriteString(buf, ">");
if ((format) && (!info->isinline) && (cur->next != NULL)) {
if ((cur->next->type != HTML_TEXT_NODE) &&
(cur->next->type != HTML_ENTITY_REF_NODE) &&
(cur->parent != NULL) &&
(cur->parent->name != NULL) &&
(cur->parent->name[0] != 'p')) /* p, pre, param */
xmlOutputBufferWriteString(buf, "\n");
}
return;

So if a node is an element, is not an inline tag and is followed by a sibling node (cur->next != NULL) and isn't one of p, pre, param then it will output a newline.

小开

最佳答案

I ended up using BeautifulSoup directly. That is something lxml.html.soupparser uses for parsing HTML.

BeautifulSoup has a prettify method that does exactly what it says it does. It prettifies the HTML with proper indents and everything.

BeautifulSoup will NOT fix the HTML, so broken code, remains broken. But in this case, since the code is being generated by lxml, the HTML code should be at least semantically correct.

In the example given in my question, I will have to do this :

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup as bs
root = lh.tostring(sliderRoot) #convert the generated HTML to a string
soup = bs(root)                #make BeautifulSoup
prettyHTML = soup.prettify()   #prettify the html

小开

Though my answer might not be helpful now, I am dropping it here to act as a reference to anybody else in future.

lxml.html.tostring(), indeed, doesn't pretty print the provided HTML in spite of pretty_print=True.

However, the "sibling" of lxml.html - lxml.etree has it working well.

So one might use it as following:

from lxml import etree, html


document_root = html.fromstring("<html><body><h1>hello world</h1></body></html>")
print(etree.tostring(document_root, encoding='unicode', pretty_print=True))

The output is like this:

<html>
<body>
<h1>hello world</h1>
</body>
</html>

小开

If you store the HTML as an unformatted string, in a variable html_string, it can be done using beautifulsoup4 as follows:

from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
print(BeautifulSoup(html_string, 'html.parser').prettify())

小开

If adding one more dependency is not a problem, you can use the html5print package. The advantage over the other solutions, is that it also beautifies both CSS and Javascript code embedded in the HTML document.

To install it, execute:

pip install html5print

Then, you can either use it as a command:

html5-print ugly.html -o pretty.html

or as Python code:

from html5print import HTMLBeautifier
html = '<title>Page Title</title><p>Some text here</p>'
print(HTMLBeautifier.beautify(html, 4))

小开

I tried both BeautifulSoup's prettify and html5print's HTMLBeautifier solutions but since I'm using yattag to generate HTML it seems more appropriate to use its indent function, which produces nicely indented output.

from yattag import indent


rawhtml = "String with some HTML code..."


result = indent(
rawhtml,
indentation = '    ',
newline = '\r\n',
indent_text = True
)


print(result)