C # 应用程序中的全局键盘捕获

我想在应用程序中捕捉一个快捷键，当用户在应用程序之外按下键盘组合时，就会触发一个对话框。类似于 Google 桌面搜索的 Ctrl，Ctrl 会打开搜索对话框。

我尝试过使用一些基本上使用 Win32互操作的键盘挂钩模块来获得这种效果，但是我尝试的每个实现都在一定程度上绑定了键盘，当应用程序正在做一些密集的事情时，你就会开始出现奇怪的行为。如加载大量数据，这会导致键盘和鼠标锁定。

我正在寻找一个轻量级的解决方案，将允许这样做，而不绑定键盘和鼠标。

182309 次浏览
小开
最佳答案

Stephen Toub wrote a great article on implementing global keyboard hooks in C#:

using System;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;


class InterceptKeys
{
private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x0100;
private static LowLevelKeyboardProc _proc = HookCallback;
private static IntPtr _hookID = IntPtr.Zero;


public static void Main()
{
_hookID = SetHook(_proc);
Application.Run();
UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookID);
}


private static IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelKeyboardProc proc)
{
using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule)
{
return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, proc,
GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0);
}
}


private delegate IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(
int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


private static IntPtr HookCallback(
int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
if (nCode >= 0 && wParam == (IntPtr)WM_KEYDOWN)
{
int vkCode = Marshal.ReadInt32(lParam);
Console.WriteLine((Keys)vkCode);
}
return CallNextHookEx(_hookID, nCode, wParam, lParam);
}


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook,
LowLevelKeyboardProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode,
IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
}
小开

If a global hotkey would suffice, then RegisterHotKey would do the trick

小开

Here's my code that works:

using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;


namespace SnagFree.TrayApp.Core
{
class GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs : HandledEventArgs
{
public GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState KeyboardState { get; private set; }
public GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent KeyboardData { get; private set; }


public GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(
GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent keyboardData,
GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState keyboardState)
{
KeyboardData = keyboardData;
KeyboardState = keyboardState;
}
}


//Based on https://gist.github.com/Stasonix
class GlobalKeyboardHook : IDisposable
{
public event EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> KeyboardPressed;


public GlobalKeyboardHook()
{
_windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
_user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
_hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour.


_user32LibraryHandle = LoadLibrary("User32");
if (_user32LibraryHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to load library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}






_windowsHookHandle = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _hookProc, _user32LibraryHandle, 0);
if (_windowsHookHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to adjust keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
}


protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
// because we can unhook only in the same thread, not in garbage collector thread
if (_windowsHookHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (!UnhookWindowsHookEx(_windowsHookHandle))
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to remove keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
_windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero;


// ReSharper disable once DelegateSubtraction
_hookProc -= LowLevelKeyboardProc;
}
}


if (_user32LibraryHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (!FreeLibrary(_user32LibraryHandle)) // reduces reference to library by 1.
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to unload library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
_user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
}
}


~GlobalKeyboardHook()
{
Dispose(false);
}


public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}


private IntPtr _windowsHookHandle;
private IntPtr _user32LibraryHandle;
private HookProc _hookProc;


delegate IntPtr HookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string lpFileName);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern bool FreeLibrary(IntPtr hModule);


/// <summary>
/// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain.
/// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events are
/// associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="idHook">hook type</param>
/// <param name="lpfn">hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="hMod">handle to application instance</param>
/// <param name="dwThreadId">thread identifier</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId);


/// <summary>
/// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hhk">handle to hook procedure</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hHook);


/// <summary>
/// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain.
/// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hHook">handle to current hook</param>
/// <param name="code">hook code passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="wParam">value passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="lParam">value passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hHook, int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent
{
/// <summary>
/// A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254.
/// </summary>
public int VirtualCode;


/// <summary>
/// A hardware scan code for the key.
/// </summary>
public int HardwareScanCode;


/// <summary>
/// The extended-key flag, event-injected Flags, context code, and transition-state flag. This member is specified as follows. An application can use the following values to test the keystroke Flags. Testing LLKHF_INJECTED (bit 4) will tell you whether the event was injected. If it was, then testing LLKHF_LOWER_IL_INJECTED (bit 1) will tell you whether or not the event was injected from a process running at lower integrity level.
/// </summary>
public int Flags;


/// <summary>
/// The time stamp stamp for this message, equivalent to what GetMessageTime would return for this message.
/// </summary>
public int TimeStamp;


/// <summary>
/// Additional information associated with the message.
/// </summary>
public IntPtr AdditionalInformation;
}


public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
//const int HC_ACTION = 0;


public enum KeyboardState
{
KeyDown = 0x0100,
KeyUp = 0x0101,
SysKeyDown = 0x0104,
SysKeyUp = 0x0105
}


public const int VkSnapshot = 0x2c;
//const int VkLwin = 0x5b;
//const int VkRwin = 0x5c;
//const int VkTab = 0x09;
//const int VkEscape = 0x18;
//const int VkControl = 0x11;
const int KfAltdown = 0x2000;
public const int LlkhfAltdown = (KfAltdown >> 8);


public IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
bool fEatKeyStroke = false;


var wparamTyped = wParam.ToInt32();
if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(KeyboardState), wparamTyped))
{
object o = Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent));
LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent p = (LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)o;


var eventArguments = new GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(p, (KeyboardState)wparamTyped);


EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> handler = KeyboardPressed;
handler?.Invoke(this, eventArguments);


fEatKeyStroke = eventArguments.Handled;
}


return fEatKeyStroke ? (IntPtr)1 : CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam);
}
}
}

Usage:

using System;
using System.Windows.Forms;


namespace SnagFree.TrayApp.Core
{
internal class Controller : IDisposable
{
private GlobalKeyboardHook _globalKeyboardHook;


public void SetupKeyboardHooks()
{
_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook();
_globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed;
}


private void OnKeyPressed(object sender, GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs e)
{
//Debug.WriteLine(e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode);


if (e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode != GlobalKeyboardHook.VkSnapshot)
return;


// seems, not needed in the life.
//if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.SysKeyDown &&
//    e.KeyboardData.Flags == GlobalKeyboardHook.LlkhfAltdown)
//{
//    MessageBox.Show("Alt + Print Screen");
//    e.Handled = true;
//}
//else


if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.KeyDown)
{
MessageBox.Show("Print Screen");
e.Handled = true;
}
}


public void Dispose()
{
_globalKeyboardHook?.Dispose();
}
}
}
小开

As requested by dube I'm posting my modified version of Siarhei Kuchuk's answer.
If you want to check my changes search for // EDT. I've commented most of it.

The Setup

class GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs : HandledEventArgs
{
public GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState KeyboardState { get; private set; }
public GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent KeyboardData { get; private set; }


public GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(
GlobalKeyboardHook.LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent keyboardData,
GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState keyboardState)
{
KeyboardData = keyboardData;
KeyboardState = keyboardState;
}
}


//Based on https://gist.github.com/Stasonix
class GlobalKeyboardHook : IDisposable
{
public event EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> KeyboardPressed;


// EDT: Added an optional parameter (registeredKeys) that accepts keys to restict
// the logging mechanism.
/// <summary>
///
/// </summary>
/// <param name="registeredKeys">Keys that should trigger logging. Pass null for full logging.</param>
public GlobalKeyboardHook(Keys[] registeredKeys = null)
{
RegisteredKeys = registeredKeys;
_windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
_user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
_hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour.


_user32LibraryHandle = LoadLibrary("User32");
if (_user32LibraryHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to load library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}






_windowsHookHandle = SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, _hookProc, _user32LibraryHandle, 0);
if (_windowsHookHandle == IntPtr.Zero)
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to adjust keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
}


protected virtual void Dispose(bool disposing)
{
if (disposing)
{
// because we can unhook only in the same thread, not in garbage collector thread
if (_windowsHookHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (!UnhookWindowsHookEx(_windowsHookHandle))
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to remove keyboard hooks for '{Process.GetCurrentProcess().ProcessName}'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
_windowsHookHandle = IntPtr.Zero;


// ReSharper disable once DelegateSubtraction
_hookProc -= LowLevelKeyboardProc;
}
}


if (_user32LibraryHandle != IntPtr.Zero)
{
if (!FreeLibrary(_user32LibraryHandle)) // reduces reference to library by 1.
{
int errorCode = Marshal.GetLastWin32Error();
throw new Win32Exception(errorCode, $"Failed to unload library 'User32.dll'. Error {errorCode}: {new Win32Exception(Marshal.GetLastWin32Error()).Message}.");
}
_user32LibraryHandle = IntPtr.Zero;
}
}


~GlobalKeyboardHook()
{
Dispose(false);
}


public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}


private IntPtr _windowsHookHandle;
private IntPtr _user32LibraryHandle;
private HookProc _hookProc;


delegate IntPtr HookProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll")]
private static extern IntPtr LoadLibrary(string lpFileName);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto)]
private static extern bool FreeLibrary(IntPtr hModule);


/// <summary>
/// The SetWindowsHookEx function installs an application-defined hook procedure into a hook chain.
/// You would install a hook procedure to monitor the system for certain types of events. These events are
/// associated either with a specific thread or with all threads in the same desktop as the calling thread.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="idHook">hook type</param>
/// <param name="lpfn">hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="hMod">handle to application instance</param>
/// <param name="dwThreadId">thread identifier</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is the handle to the hook procedure.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, HookProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, int dwThreadId);


/// <summary>
/// The UnhookWindowsHookEx function removes a hook procedure installed in a hook chain by the SetWindowsHookEx function.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hhk">handle to hook procedure</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
public static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hHook);


/// <summary>
/// The CallNextHookEx function passes the hook information to the next hook procedure in the current hook chain.
/// A hook procedure can call this function either before or after processing the hook information.
/// </summary>
/// <param name="hHook">handle to current hook</param>
/// <param name="code">hook code passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="wParam">value passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <param name="lParam">value passed to hook procedure</param>
/// <returns>If the function succeeds, the return value is true.</returns>
[DllImport("USER32", SetLastError = true)]
static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hHook, int code, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
public struct LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent
{
/// <summary>
/// A virtual-key code. The code must be a value in the range 1 to 254.
/// </summary>
public int VirtualCode;


// EDT: added a conversion from VirtualCode to Keys.
/// <summary>
/// The VirtualCode converted to typeof(Keys) for higher usability.
/// </summary>
public Keys Key { get { return (Keys)VirtualCode; } }


/// <summary>
/// A hardware scan code for the key.
/// </summary>
public int HardwareScanCode;


/// <summary>
/// The extended-key flag, event-injected Flags, context code, and transition-state flag. This member is specified as follows. An application can use the following values to test the keystroke Flags. Testing LLKHF_INJECTED (bit 4) will tell you whether the event was injected. If it was, then testing LLKHF_LOWER_IL_INJECTED (bit 1) will tell you whether or not the event was injected from a process running at lower integrity level.
/// </summary>
public int Flags;


/// <summary>
/// The time stamp stamp for this message, equivalent to what GetMessageTime would return for this message.
/// </summary>
public int TimeStamp;


/// <summary>
/// Additional information associated with the message.
/// </summary>
public IntPtr AdditionalInformation;
}


public const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
//const int HC_ACTION = 0;


public enum KeyboardState
{
KeyDown = 0x0100,
KeyUp = 0x0101,
SysKeyDown = 0x0104,
SysKeyUp = 0x0105
}


// EDT: Replaced VkSnapshot(int) with RegisteredKeys(Keys[])
public static Keys[] RegisteredKeys;
const int KfAltdown = 0x2000;
public const int LlkhfAltdown = (KfAltdown >> 8);


public IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
bool fEatKeyStroke = false;


var wparamTyped = wParam.ToInt32();
if (Enum.IsDefined(typeof(KeyboardState), wparamTyped))
{
object o = Marshal.PtrToStructure(lParam, typeof(LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent));
LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent p = (LowLevelKeyboardInputEvent)o;


var eventArguments = new GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs(p, (KeyboardState)wparamTyped);


// EDT: Removed the comparison-logic from the usage-area so the user does not need to mess around with it.
// Either the incoming key has to be part of RegisteredKeys (see constructor on top) or RegisterdKeys
// has to be null for the event to get fired.
var key = (Keys)p.VirtualCode;
if (RegisteredKeys == null || RegisteredKeys.Contains(key))
{
EventHandler<GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs> handler = KeyboardPressed;
handler?.Invoke(this, eventArguments);


fEatKeyStroke = eventArguments.Handled;
}
}


return fEatKeyStroke ? (IntPtr)1 : CallNextHookEx(IntPtr.Zero, nCode, wParam, lParam);
}
}

The Usage differences can be seen here

public partial class Form1 : Form
{
public Form1()
{
InitializeComponent();
}


private GlobalKeyboardHook _globalKeyboardHook;


private void buttonHook_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Hooks only into specified Keys (here "A" and "B").
_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(new Keys[] { Keys.A, Keys.B });


// Hooks into all keys.
_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook();
_globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed;
}


private void OnKeyPressed(object sender, GlobalKeyboardHookEventArgs e)
{
// EDT: No need to filter for VkSnapshot anymore. This now gets handled
// through the constructor of GlobalKeyboardHook(...).
if (e.KeyboardState == GlobalKeyboardHook.KeyboardState.KeyDown)
{
// Now you can access both, the key and virtual code
Keys loggedKey = e.KeyboardData.Key;
int loggedVkCode = e.KeyboardData.VirtualCode;
}
}
}

Thanks to Siarhei Kuchuk for his post. Even tho I've simplified the usage this initial code was very useful for me.

小开 
private void buttonHook_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
{
// Hooks only into specified Keys (here "A" and "B").
// (***) Use this constructor


_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook(new Keys[] { Keys.A, Keys.B });


// Hooks into all keys.
// (***) Or this - not both


_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook();
_globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed;
}

And then is working fine.

小开

My rep is too low to comment, but concerning the CallbackOnCollectedDelegate exception, I modified the public void SetupKeyboardHooks() in C4d's answer to look like this:

public void SetupKeyboardHooks(out object hookProc)
{
_globalKeyboardHook = new GlobalKeyboardHook();
_globalKeyboardHook.KeyboardPressed += OnKeyPressed;




hookProc = _globalKeyboardHook.GcSafeHookProc;
}

where GcSafeHookProc is just a public getter for _hookProc in OPs

_hookProc = LowLevelKeyboardProc; // we must keep alive _hookProc, because GC is not aware about SetWindowsHookEx behaviour.

and stored the hookProc as a private field in the class calling the SetupKeyboardHooks(...), therefore keeping the reference alive, save from garbage collection, no more CallbackOnCollectedDelegate exception. Seems having this additional reference in the GlobalKeyboardHook class is not sufficient. Maybe make sure that this reference is also disposed when closing your app.

小开

For system global key combinations and multi-key short-keys there is very easy one here. Class code:

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Linq;
using System.Runtime.InteropServices;
using System.Text;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Windows.Input;






namespace KeyboardUtils
{
/// <summary>
/// Provide a way to handle a global keyboard hooks
/// <remarks>This hook is called in the context of the thread that installed it.
/// The call is made by sending a message to the thread that installed the hook.
/// Therefore, the thread that installed the hook must have a message loop.</remarks>
/// </summary>
public sealed class GlobalKeyboardHook : IDisposable
{
private const int WH_KEYBOARD_LL = 13;
private const int WM_KEYDOWN = 0x0100;
private const int WM_KEYUP = 0x0101;
private LowLevelKeyboardProc _proc;
private readonly IntPtr _hookId = IntPtr.Zero;
private static GlobalKeyboardHook _instance;
private Dictionary<int, KeyValuePair<KeyCombination, HookActions>> _hookEvents;
private bool _disposed;
private KeyCombination _pressedKeys;


/// <summary>
/// Return a singleton instance of <see cref="GlobalKeyboardHook"/>
/// </summary>
public static GlobalKeyboardHook Instance
{
get
{
   

Interlocked.CompareExchange(ref _instance, new GlobalKeyboardHook(), null);
return _instance;
}
}


private GlobalKeyboardHook()
{
_proc = HookCallback;
_hookEvents = new Dictionary<int, KeyValuePair<KeyCombination, HookActions>>();
_hookId = SetHook(_proc);
_pressedKeys = new KeyCombination();
}


/// <summary>
/// Register a keyboard hook event
/// </summary>
/// <param name="keys">The short keys. minimum is two keys</param>
/// <param name="execute">The action to run when the key ocmbination has pressed</param>
/// <param name="message">Empty if no error occurred otherwise error message</param>
/// <param name="runAsync">True if the action should execute in the background. -Be careful from thread affinity- Default is false</param>
/// <param name="dispose">An action to run when unsubscribing from keyboard hook. can be null</param>
/// <returns>Event id to use when unregister</returns>
public int Hook(List<Key> keys, Action execute, out string message, bool runAsync = false, Action<object> dispose = null)
{
if (_hookEvents == null)
{
message = "Can't register";
return -1;
}


if (keys == null || execute == null)
{
message = "'keys' and 'execute' can't be null";
return -1;
}


if (keys.Count < 2)
{
message = "You must provide at least two keys";
return -1;
}


if (!ValidateKeys(keys))
{
message = "Unallowed key. Only 'shift', 'ctrl' and 'a' - 'z' are allowed";
return -1;
}


var kc = new KeyCombination(keys);
int id = kc.GetHashCode();
if (_hookEvents.ContainsKey(id))
{
message = "The key combination is already exist it the application";
return -1;
}


// if the action should run async, wrap it with Task
Action asyncAction = null;
if (runAsync)
asyncAction = () => Task.Run(() => execute);


_hookEvents[id] = new KeyValuePair<KeyCombination, HookActions>(kc, new HookActions(asyncAction ?? execute, dispose));
message = string.Empty;
return id;
}


private bool ValidateKeys(IEnumerable<Key> keys)
{
return keys.All(t => IsKeyValid((int)t));
}


private bool IsKeyValid(int key)
{
// 'alt' is sys key and hence is disallowed.
// a - z and shift, ctrl.
return key >= 44 && key <= 69 || key >= 116 && key <= 119;
}


/// <summary>
/// Un register a keyboard hook event
/// </summary>
/// <param name="id">event id to remove</param>
/// <param name="obj">parameter to pass to dispose method</param>
public void UnHook(int id, object obj = null)
{
if (_hookEvents == null || id < 0 || !_hookEvents.ContainsKey(id)) return;


var hook = _hookEvents[id];


if (hook.Value != null && hook.Value.Dispose != null)
{
try
{
hook.Value.Dispose(obj);
}
catch (Exception)
{
// need to be define if we need to throw the exception
}
}


_hookEvents.Remove(id);
}


private IntPtr SetHook(LowLevelKeyboardProc proc)
{
using (Process curProcess = Process.GetCurrentProcess())
using (ProcessModule curModule = curProcess.MainModule)
{
return SetWindowsHookEx(WH_KEYBOARD_LL, proc, GetModuleHandle(curModule.ModuleName), 0);
}
}


private delegate IntPtr LowLevelKeyboardProc(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


private IntPtr HookCallback(int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam)
{
if (nCode < 0)
return CallNextHookEx(_hookId, nCode, wParam, lParam);


var result = new IntPtr(0);
if (wParam == (IntPtr)WM_KEYDOWN)
{
_pressedKeys.Add(KeyInterop.KeyFromVirtualKey(Marshal.ReadInt32(lParam))); // vkCode (in KBDLLHOOKSTRUCT) is DWORD (actually it can be 0-254)
if (_pressedKeys.Count >= 2)
{
var keysToAction = _hookEvents.Values.FirstOrDefault(val => val.Key.Equals(_pressedKeys));
if (keysToAction.Value != null)
{
keysToAction.Value.Execute();
// don't try to get the action again after the execute because it may removed already
result = new IntPtr(1);
}
}
}
else if (wParam == (IntPtr)WM_KEYUP)
{
_pressedKeys.Clear();
}


// in case we processed the message, prevent the system from passing the message to the rest of the hook chain
// return result.ToInt32() == 0 ? CallNextHookEx(_hookId, nCode, wParam, lParam) : result;
return CallNextHookEx(_hookId, nCode, wParam, lParam);
}


#region extern
[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr SetWindowsHookEx(int idHook, LowLevelKeyboardProc lpfn, IntPtr hMod, uint dwThreadId);


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
[return: MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.Bool)]
private static extern bool UnhookWindowsHookEx(IntPtr hhk);


[DllImport("user32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr CallNextHookEx(IntPtr hhk, int nCode, IntPtr wParam, IntPtr lParam);


[DllImport("kernel32.dll", CharSet = CharSet.Auto, SetLastError = true)]
private static extern IntPtr GetModuleHandle(string lpModuleName);
#endregion


#region IDsiposable
private void Dispose(bool dispose)
{
try
{
if (_disposed)
return;


UnhookWindowsHookEx(_hookId);
if (dispose)
{
_proc = null;
_hookEvents = null;
_pressedKeys = null;
GC.SuppressFinalize(this);
}
_disposed = true;
}
// ReSharper disable once EmptyGeneralCatchClause
catch
{
}
}


public void Dispose()
{
Dispose(true);
}


~GlobalKeyboardHook()
{
Dispose(false);
}
#endregion


private class HookActions
{
public HookActions(Action excetue, Action<object> dispose = null)
{
Exceute = excetue;
Dispose = dispose;
}


public Action Exceute { get; set; }
public Action<object> Dispose { get; set; }


}
private class KeyCombination : IEquatable<KeyCombination>
{
private readonly bool _canModify;
public KeyCombination(List<Key> keys)
{
_keys = keys ?? new List<Key>();
}


public KeyCombination()
{
_keys = new List<Key>();
_canModify = true;
}


public void Add(Key key)
{
if (_canModify)
{
_keys.Add(key);
}
}


public void Remove(Key key)
{
if (_canModify)
{
_keys.Remove(key);
}
}


public void Clear()
{
if (_canModify)
{
_keys.Clear();
}
}


public int Count { get { return _keys.Count; } }


private readonly List<Key> _keys;


public bool Equals(KeyCombination other)
{
return other._keys != null && _keys != null && KeysEqual(other._keys);
}


private bool KeysEqual(List<Key> keys)
{
if (keys == null || _keys == null || keys.Count != _keys.Count) return false;
for (int i = 0; i < _keys.Count; i++)
{
if (_keys[i] != keys[i])
return false;
}
return true;
}


public override bool Equals(object obj)
{
if (obj is KeyCombination)
return Equals((KeyCombination)obj);
return false;
}


public override int GetHashCode()
{
if (_keys == null) return 0;


//http://stackoverflow.com/a/263416
//http://stackoverflow.com/a/8094931
//assume keys not going to modify after we use GetHashCode
unchecked
{
int hash = 19;
for (int i = 0; i < _keys.Count; i++)
{
hash = hash * 31 + _keys[i].GetHashCode();
}
return hash;
}
}


public override string ToString()
{
if (_keys == null)
return string.Empty;


var sb = new StringBuilder((_keys.Count - 1) * 4 + 10);
for (int i = 0; i < _keys.Count; i++)
{
if (i < _keys.Count - 1)
sb.Append(_keys[i] + " , ");
else
sb.Append(_keys[i]);
}
return sb.ToString();
}
}
}
}

And how to use it in form application:

string message;
var hookId = GlobalKeyboardHook.Instance.Hook(
new List<System.Windows.Input.Key> {
System.Windows.Input.Key.A,
System.Windows.Input.Key.B
},
() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("a-b");
},
out message);

And very simple example for console application:

[STAThread]
static void Main()
{
string message;
var hookId = GlobalKeyboardHook.Instance.Hook(
new List<System.Windows.Input.Key> {
System.Windows.Input.Key.A,
System.Windows.Input.Key.B
},
() =>
{
Console.WriteLine("a-b");
},
out message);
Console.WriteLine(message);
Application.Run();
GlobalKeyboardHook.Instance.UnHook(hookId);
}

I also recommend to read this post : https://stackoverflow.com/a/46014022/4238323

Important Note: System wide hooks are extremely dangerous you MUST be very careful about what are you doing. If you hook key event using this method make sure unhook and release memory correctly which It could be hard specially in console application. I encountered several Blue-Pages and some system instability such as shutdown and sleep problems and freeze-up after some hours of using this. So please take extra care while using it.


提交答案