如何获得 Linux/UNIX 上当前的网络接口吞吐量统计数据？

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I like iptraf but you probably have to install it and it seems to not being maintained actively anymore.

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最佳答案

You can parse the output of ifconfig

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You could parse /proc/net/dev.

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I wrote this dumb script a long time ago, it depends on nothing but Perl and Linux≥2.6:

#!/usr/bin/perl


use strict;
use warnings;


use POSIX qw(strftime);
use Time::HiRes qw(gettimeofday usleep);


my $dev = @ARGV ? shift : 'eth0';
my $dir = "/sys/class/net/$dev/statistics";
my %stats = do {
opendir +(my $dh), $dir;
local @_ = readdir $dh;
closedir $dh;
map +($_, []), grep !/^\.\.?$/, @_;
};


if (-t STDOUT) {
while (1) {
print "\033[H\033[J", run();
my ($time, $us) = gettimeofday();
my ($sec, $min, $hour) = localtime $time;
{
local $| = 1;
printf '%-31.31s: %02d:%02d:%02d.%06d%8s%8s%8s%8s',
$dev, $hour, $min, $sec, $us, qw(1s 5s 15s 60s)
}
usleep($us ? 1000000 - $us : 1000000);
}
}
else {print run()}


sub run {
map {
chomp (my ($stat) = slurp("$dir/$_"));
my $line = sprintf '%-31.31s:%16.16s', $_, $stat;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[0]) / 1)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 0;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[4]) / 5)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 4;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[14]) / 15)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 14;
$line .= sprintf '%8.8s', int (($stat - $stats{$_}->[59]) / 60)
if @{$stats{$_}} > 59;
unshift @{$stats{$_}}, $stat;
pop @{$stats{$_}} if @{$stats{$_}} > 60;
"$line\n";
} sort keys %stats;
}


sub slurp {
local @ARGV = @_;
local @_ = <>;
@_;
}

It just reads from /sys/class/net/$dev/statistics every second, and prints out the current numbers and the average rate of change:

$ ./net_stats.pl eth0
rx_bytes                       :  74457040115259 4369093 4797875 4206554 364088
rx_packets                     :     91215713193   23120   23502   23234  17616
...
tx_bytes                       :  90798990376725 8117924 7047762 7472650 319330
tx_packets                     :     93139479736   23401   22953   23216  23171
...
eth0                           : 15:22:09.002216      1s      5s     15s     60s


^ current reading  ^-------- averages ---------^

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iftop does for network usage what top(1) does for CPU usage -- http://www.ex-parrot.com/~pdw/iftop/

I don't know how "standard" iftop is, but I was able to install it with yum install iftop on Fedora.

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I find dstat to be quite good. Has to be installed though. Gives you way more information than you need. Netstat will give you packet rates but not bandwith also. netstat -s

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Besides iftop and iptraf, also check:

bwm-ng (Bandwidth Monitor Next Generation)

and/or

cbm (Color Bandwidth Meter)

ref: http://www.powercram.com/2010/01/bandwidth-monitoring-tools-for-ubuntu.html

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Got sar? Likely yes if youre using RHEL/CentOS.

No need for priv, dorky binaries, hacky scripts, libpcap, etc. Win.

$ sar -n DEV 1 3
Linux 2.6.18-194.el5 (localhost.localdomain)    10/27/2010


02:40:56 PM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s   rxbyt/s   txbyt/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
02:40:57 PM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:57 PM      eth0  10700.00   1705.05 15860765.66 124250.51      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:57 PM      eth1      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00


02:40:57 PM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s   rxbyt/s   txbyt/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
02:40:58 PM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:58 PM      eth0   8051.00   1438.00 11849206.00 105356.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:58 PM      eth1      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00


02:40:58 PM     IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s   rxbyt/s   txbyt/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
02:40:59 PM        lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:59 PM      eth0   6093.00   1135.00 8970988.00  82942.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
02:40:59 PM      eth1      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00


Average:        IFACE   rxpck/s   txpck/s   rxbyt/s   txbyt/s   rxcmp/s   txcmp/s  rxmcst/s
Average:           lo      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:         eth0   8273.24   1425.08 12214833.44 104115.72      0.00      0.00      0.00
Average:         eth1      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00      0.00

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I got another quick'n'dirty bash script for that:

#!/bin/bash
IF=$1
if [ -z "$IF" ]; then
IF=`ls -1 /sys/class/net/ | head -1`
fi
RXPREV=-1
TXPREV=-1
echo "Listening $IF..."
while [ 1 == 1 ] ; do
RX=`cat /sys/class/net/${IF}/statistics/rx_bytes`
TX=`cat /sys/class/net/${IF}/statistics/tx_bytes`
if [ $RXPREV -ne -1 ] ; then
let BWRX=$RX-$RXPREV
let BWTX=$TX-$TXPREV
echo "Received: $BWRX B/s    Sent: $BWTX B/s"
fi
RXPREV=$RX
TXPREV=$TX
sleep 1
done

It's considering that sleep 1 will actually last exactly one second, which is not true, but good enough for a rough bandwidth assessment.

Thanks to @ephemient for the /sys/class/net/<interface>! :)

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dstat - Combines vmstat, iostat, ifstat, netstat information and more
iftop - Amazing network bandwidth utility to analyse what is really happening on your eth
netio - Measures the net throughput of a network via TCP/IP
inq - CLI troubleshooting utility that displays info on storage, typically Symmetrix. By default, INQ returns the device name, Symmetrix ID, Symmetrix LUN, and capacity.
send_arp - Sends out an arp broadcast on the specified network device (defaults to eth0), reporting an old and new IP address mapping to a MAC address.
EtherApe - is a graphical network monitor for Unix modeled after etherman. Featuring link layer, IP and TCP modes, it displays network activity graphically.
iptraf - An IP traffic monitor that shows information on the IP traffic passing over your network.

More details: http://felipeferreira.net/?p=1194

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nload is a great tool for monitoring bandwidth in real time and easily installed in Ubuntu or Debian with sudo apt-get install nload.

Device eth0 [10.10.10.5] (1/2):
=====================================================================================
Incoming:




.         ...|
#         ####|
.. |#|  ...   #####.         ..          Curr: 2.07 MBit/s
###.###  #### #######|.     . ##      |   Avg: 1.41 MBit/s
########|#########################.   ###  Min: 1.12 kBit/s
........    ###################################  .###  Max: 4.49 MBit/s
.##########. |###################################|#####  Ttl: 1.94 GByte
Outgoing:
##########  ###########    ###########################
##########  ###########    ###########################
##########. ###########   .###########################
########### ###########  #############################
########### ###########..#############################
############ ##########################################
############ ##########################################
############ ##########################################  Curr: 63.88 MBit/s
############ ##########################################  Avg: 32.04 MBit/s
############ ##########################################  Min: 0.00 Bit/s
############ ##########################################  Max: 93.23 MBit/s
############## ##########################################  Ttl: 2.49 GByte

Another excellent tool is iftop, also easily apt-get'able:

             191Mb      381Mb                 572Mb       763Mb             954Mb
└────────────┴──────────┴─────────────────────┴───────────┴──────────────────────
box4.local            => box-2.local                      91.0Mb  27.0Mb  15.1Mb
<=                                  1.59Mb   761kb   452kb
box4.local            => box.local                         560b   26.8kb  27.7kb
<=                                   880b   31.3kb  32.1kb
box4.local            => userify.com                         0b   11.4kb  8.01kb
<=                                  1.17kb  2.39kb  1.75kb
box4.local            => b.resolvers.Level3.net              0b     58b    168b
<=                                     0b     83b    288b
box4.local            => stackoverflow.com                   0b     42b     21b
<=                                     0b     42b     21b
box4.local            => 224.0.0.251                         0b      0b    179b
<=                                     0b      0b      0b
224.0.0.251           => box-2.local                         0b      0b      0b
<=                                     0b      0b     36b
224.0.0.251           => box.local                           0b      0b      0b
<=                                     0b      0b     35b




─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
TX:           cum:   37.9MB   peak:   91.0Mb     rates:   91.0Mb  27.1Mb  15.2Mb
RX:                  1.19MB           1.89Mb              1.59Mb   795kb   486kb
TOTAL:               39.1MB           92.6Mb              92.6Mb  27.9Mb  15.6Mb

Don't forget about the classic and powerful sar and netstat utilities on older *nix!

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You can use iperf to benchmark network performance (maximum possible throughput). See following links for details:

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iperf

https://iperf.fr/

https://code.google.com/p/iperf/

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If you want just to get the value, you can use simple shell oneliner like this:

S=10; F=/sys/class/net/eth0/statistics/rx_bytes; X=`cat $F`; sleep $S; Y=`cat $F`; BPS="$(((Y-X)/S))"; echo $BPS

It will show you the average "received bytes per second" for period of 10 seconds (you can change period by changing S=10 parameter, and you can measure transmitted BPS instead of received BPS by using tx_bytes instead of rx_bytes). Don't forget to change eth0 to network device you want to monitor.

Of course, you are not limited to displaying the average rate (as mentioned in other answers, there are other tools that will show you much nicer output), but this solution is easily scriptable to do other things.

For example, the following shell script (split into multiple lines for readability) will execute offlineimap process only when 5-minute average transmit speed drops below 10kBPS (presumably, when some other bandwidth-consuming process finishes):

#!/bin/sh
S=300; F=/sys/class/net/eth0/statistics/tx_bytes
BPS=999999
while [ $BPS -gt 10000 ]
do
X=`cat $F`; sleep $S; Y=`cat $F`; BPS="$(((Y-X)/S))";
echo BPS is currently $BPS
done
offlineimap

Note that /sys/class/... is Linux specific (which is ok as submitter did choose linux tag), and needs non-archaic kernel. Shell code itself is /bin/sh compatible (so not only bash, but dash and other /bin/sh implementations will work) and /bin/sh is something that is really always installed.

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I couldn't get the parse ifconfig script to work for me on an AMI so got this to work measuring received traffic averaged over 10 seconds

date && rxstart=`ifconfig eth0 | grep bytes | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d : -f 2` && sleep 10 && rxend=`ifconfig eth0 | grep bytes | awk '{print $2}' | cut -d : -f 2` && difference=`expr $rxend - $rxstart` && echo "Received `expr $difference / 10` bytes per sec"

Sorry, it's ever so cheap and nasty but it worked!

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ifconfig -a
ip -d link
ls -l /sys/class/net/ (physical and virtual devices)
route -n

If you want the output of (ifconfig -a) in json format you can use this (python)