I recently ran into the same issue with a mobile site I was developing for work. The best solution I found was to use Safari's UserAgent set to Iphone (make sure you have Safari's developer tools enabled). You will have to detect that the user is coming from a mobile device and either redirect them to your mobile url or load the mobile specific stylesheets, as this method doesn't work setting the css media type.
Firefox has this capability as well, but doesn't register webkit css styles (which I assume you will be using as they work for both Mobile Safari and Android).
You will run into a few inconsistencies between your desktop browser and your actual mobile browser, but for quickly identifying styles and javascript debugging it worked like a charm.
I use the simulator with my the osx system proxy set to send requests to Fiddler running on a windows machine - that doesn't help much with javascript/internal stuff to mobile safari, but it at least shows me what's actually going over the wire and lets me intercept/log/analyze/tweak things on the fly to figure out what works and what doesn't.
There is this bookmarklet that allows you to use Firebug on Safari iOS. You have to copy the bookmarklet on a desktop and email it to your iOS device but otherwise it works:
MIHTool iOS App : a wrapper for weinre. Free version and paid version available.
SocketBug : a Remote Debugging Utility built using Socket.IO
jsConsole : a simple JavaScript command line tool. However, it also provides the ability to bridge across to other browser windows to remotely control and debug that window - be it in another browser or another device altogether.
I know this question was asked a long time ago but still hope my answer helps.
You can use NetBeans IDE to debug using a real android or IOS device. Just make sure you have android SDK installed (for android devices), open your project in NetBeans and when running choose android device as your browser.
I find this very helpful since you can see the result from the different browsers installed on your device.
It is a platform which you can debug in multiple mobile devices with one click.
Doing an action in a browser, can choose to propagate to other devices connected to a private IP (and those devices should connect to same network and use IP address).
You'll see a Chrome developer interface but there you can make CSS adjustements (the changes will occur to every devices connected) and Javsascript debugging.
Since Firebug Lite stopped working, I've switched to Eruda, which provides a console, a DOM explorer, and some more features. You can inject it into any page using the bookmarklet.