如何在 GitHub 操作中使用 Docker？

创建 GitHub Actions 工作流文件时，示例 YAML 文件包含 runs-on: ubuntu-latest。我只有几个版本的 Ubuntu，Windows Server 和 macOS X 之间的选项。

我认为 GitHub Actions 运行在 Docker 内部。我如何选择我的 Docker 映像？

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最佳答案

A job (as part of a workflow) runs inside a virtual machine. You choose one of the environments provided by them (e.g. ubuntu-latest or windows-2019).

A job consists of one or more steps. A step may be a simple shell command, using run. But it may also be an action, using uses

name: CI


on: [push]


jobs:
myjob:
runs-on: ubuntu-18.04 # linux required if you want to use docker
steps:
# Those steps are executed directly on the VM
- run: ls /
- run: echo $HOME
- name: Add a file
run: touch $HOME/stuff.txt
# Those steps are actions, which may run inside a container
- uses: actions/checkout@v1
- uses: ./.github/actions/my-action
- uses: docker://continuumio/anaconda3:2019.07
  • run: <COMMAND> executes the command with the shell of the OS
  • uses: actions/checkout@v1 runs the action from the user / organization actions in the repository checkout (https://github.com/actions/checkout), major release 1
  • uses: ./.github/actions/my-action runs the action which is defined in your own repository under this path
  • uses: docker://continuumio/anaconda3:2019.07 runs the anaconda3 image from user / organization continuumio, version 2019.07, from the Docker Hub (https://hub.docker.com/r/continuumio/anaconda3)

Keep in mind that you need to select a linux distribution as the environment if you want to use Docker.

Take a look at the documentation for uses and run for further details.

It should also be noted that there is a container option, allowing you to run any steps that would usually run on the host to be runned inside a container: https://help.github.com/en/articles/workflow-syntax-for-github-actions#jobsjob_idcontainer

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GitHub actions provision a virtual machine - as you noted, either Ubuntu, Windows or macOS - and run your workflow inside of that. You can then use that virtual machine to run a workflow inside a container.

Use the container specifier to run a step inside a container. Be sure to specify runs-on as the appropriate host environment for your container (ubuntu-latest for Linux containers, windows-latest for Windows containers). For example:

jobs:
vm:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- run: |
echo This job does not specify a container.
echo It runs directly on the virtual machine.
name: Run on VM
container:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
container: node:10.16-jessie
steps:
- run: |
echo This job does specify a container.
echo It runs in the container instead of the VM.
name: Run in container

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