给定位置，如何在列表中获取某个元素？

If you frequently need to access the Nth element of a sequence, std::list, which is implemented as a doubly linked list, is probably not the right choice. std::vector or std::deque would likely be better.

That said, you can get an iterator to the Nth element using std::advance:

std::list<Object> l;
// add elements to list 'l'...


unsigned N = /* index of the element you want to retrieve */;
if (l.size() > N)
{
std::list<Object>::iterator it = l.begin();
std::advance(it, N);
// 'it' points to the element at index 'N'
}

For a container that doesn't provide random access, like std::list, std::advance calls operator++ on the iterator N times. Alternatively, if your Standard Library implementation provides it, you may call std::next:

if (l.size() > N)
{
std::list<Object>::iterator it = std::next(l.begin(), N);
}

std::next is effectively wraps a call to std::advance, making it easier to advance an iterator N times with fewer lines of code and fewer mutable variables. std::next was added in C++11.

std::list doesn't provide any function to get element given an index. You may try to get it by writing some code, which I wouldn't recommend, because that would be inefficient if you frequently need to do so.

What you need is : std::vector. Use it as:

std::vector<Object> objects;
objects.push_back(myObject);


Object const & x = objects[0];    //index isn't checked
Object const & y = objects.at(0); //index is checked

std::list<Object> l;
std::list<Object>::iterator ptr;
int i;


for( i = 0 , ptr = l.begin() ; i < N && ptr != l.end() ; i++ , ptr++ );


if( ptr == l.end() ) {
// list too short
} else {
// 'ptr' points to N-th element of list
}

Maybe not the most efficient way. But you could convert the list into a vector.

#include <list>
#include <vector>


list<Object> myList;


vector<Object> myVector(myList.begin(), myList.end());

Then access the vector using the [x] operator.

auto x = MyVector[0];

You could put that in a helper function:

#include <memory>
#include <vector>
#include <list>


template<class T>
shared_ptr<vector<T>>
ListToVector(list<T> List) {
shared_ptr<vector<T>> Vector {
new vector<string>(List.begin(), List.end()) }
return Vector;
}

Then use the helper funciton like this:

auto MyVector = ListToVector(Object);
auto x = MyVector[0];

Not very efficient, but if you must use a list, you can deference the iterator

*myList.begin()+N