SQLAlchemy 版本控制关注类导入顺序

我是按照指南来的:

Http://www.sqlalchemy.org/docs/orm/examples.html?highlight=versioning#versioned-objects

我定义了我的人际关系,比如:

generic_ticker = relation('MyClass', backref=backref("stuffs"))

所以它不关心我的模型模块的导入顺序。这一切正常工作,但是当我使用版本元时,我得到以下错误:

Sqlalchemy.exc.InvalidRequestError: 在初始化映射器 Mapper | MyClass | stuff 时,表达式‘ Trader’未能定位名称(“ name‘ MyClass’is not Definition”)。如果这是一个类名称,请考虑在两个相关类都定义好之后,将关系()添加到类中。

我查到了这个错误:

  File "/home/nick/workspace/gm3/gm3/lib/history_meta.py", line 90, in __init__
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
File "/home/nick/venv/tg2env/lib/python2.6/site-packages/sqlalchemy/orm/util.py", line 622, in class_mapper
mapper = mapper.compile()

class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)


try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass

我通过尝试解决了这个问题: 除了 lambda 中的内容,并在所有导入操作完成后运行它们。这种方法有效,但似乎有点垃圾,有没有什么更好的办法来解决这个问题呢?

谢谢!

更新

问题实际上不在于进口订单。版本控制示例的设计使得映射器需要在每个版本控制类的构造函数中进行编译。如果尚未定义相关类,则编译将失败。在循环关系的情况下,无法通过改变映射类的定义顺序来使其正常工作。

更新2

正如上面的更新说明(我不知道你可以在这里编辑其他人的文章:) ,这可能是由于循环引用。在这种情况下,可能有人会发现我的黑客技术很有用(我正在使用 turbogear)(替换 VersionedMeta 并在 history _ meta 中添加 create _ mappers global)

create_mappers = []
class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
#I added this code in as it was crashing otherwise
def make_mapper():
try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass


create_mappers.append(lambda: make_mapper())

然后您可以在 model _ _ init _ _. py 中执行以下操作

# Import your model modules here.
from myproj.lib.history_meta import create_mappers


from myproj.model.misc import *
from myproj.model.actor import *
from myproj.model.stuff1 import *
from myproj.model.instrument import *
from myproj.model.stuff import *


#setup the history
[func() for func in create_mappers]

这样,只有在定义了所有类之后,它才会创建映射器。

虽然有点不相关,但是在某些情况下我遇到了一个重复的主键错误(一次对同一个对象提交2个更改)。我的解决办法是添加一个新的主自动递增键。当然在 mysql 中不能有多于1的值,所以我必须对用于创建历史表的现有内容解除主键。查看我的整个代码(包括一个 hist _ id 和去除外键约束) :

"""Stolen from the offical sqlalchemy recpies
"""
from sqlalchemy.ext.declarative import DeclarativeMeta
from sqlalchemy.orm import mapper, class_mapper, attributes, object_mapper
from sqlalchemy.orm.exc import UnmappedClassError, UnmappedColumnError
from sqlalchemy import Table, Column, ForeignKeyConstraint, Integer
from sqlalchemy.orm.interfaces import SessionExtension
from sqlalchemy.orm.properties import RelationshipProperty
from sqlalchemy.types import DateTime
import datetime
from sqlalchemy.orm.session import Session


def col_references_table(col, table):
for fk in col.foreign_keys:
if fk.references(table):
return True
return False


def _history_mapper(local_mapper):
cls = local_mapper.class_


# set the "active_history" flag
# on on column-mapped attributes so that the old version
# of the info is always loaded (currently sets it on all attributes)
for prop in local_mapper.iterate_properties:
getattr(local_mapper.class_, prop.key).impl.active_history = True


super_mapper = local_mapper.inherits
super_history_mapper = getattr(cls, '__history_mapper__', None)


polymorphic_on = None
super_fks = []
if not super_mapper or local_mapper.local_table is not super_mapper.local_table:
cols = []
for column in local_mapper.local_table.c:
if column.name == 'version':
continue


col = column.copy()
col.unique = False


#don't auto increment stuff from the normal db
if col.autoincrement:
col.autoincrement = False
#sqllite falls over with auto incrementing keys if we have a composite key
if col.primary_key:
col.primary_key = False


if super_mapper and col_references_table(column, super_mapper.local_table):
super_fks.append((col.key, list(super_history_mapper.base_mapper.local_table.primary_key)[0]))


cols.append(col)


if column is local_mapper.polymorphic_on:
polymorphic_on = col


#if super_mapper:
#    super_fks.append(('version', super_history_mapper.base_mapper.local_table.c.version))


cols.append(Column('hist_id', Integer, primary_key=True, autoincrement=True))
cols.append(Column('version', Integer))
cols.append(Column('changed', DateTime, default=datetime.datetime.now))


if super_fks:
cols.append(ForeignKeyConstraint(*zip(*super_fks)))


table = Table(local_mapper.local_table.name + '_history', local_mapper.local_table.metadata,
*cols, mysql_engine='InnoDB')
else:
# single table inheritance.  take any additional columns that may have
# been added and add them to the history table.
for column in local_mapper.local_table.c:
if column.key not in super_history_mapper.local_table.c:
col = column.copy()
super_history_mapper.local_table.append_column(col)
table = None


if super_history_mapper:
bases = (super_history_mapper.class_,)
else:
bases = local_mapper.base_mapper.class_.__bases__
versioned_cls = type.__new__(type, "%sHistory" % cls.__name__, bases, {})


m = mapper(
versioned_cls,
table,
inherits=super_history_mapper,
polymorphic_on=polymorphic_on,
polymorphic_identity=local_mapper.polymorphic_identity
)
cls.__history_mapper__ = m


if not super_history_mapper:
cls.version = Column('version', Integer, default=1, nullable=False)


create_mappers = []


class VersionedMeta(DeclarativeMeta):
def __init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_):
DeclarativeMeta.__init__(cls, classname, bases, dict_)
#I added this code in as it was crashing otherwise
def make_mapper():
try:
mapper = class_mapper(cls)
_history_mapper(mapper)
except UnmappedClassError:
pass


create_mappers.append(lambda: make_mapper())


def versioned_objects(iter):
for obj in iter:
if hasattr(obj, '__history_mapper__'):
yield obj


def create_version(obj, session, deleted = False):
obj_mapper = object_mapper(obj)
history_mapper = obj.__history_mapper__
history_cls = history_mapper.class_


obj_state = attributes.instance_state(obj)


attr = {}


obj_changed = False


for om, hm in zip(obj_mapper.iterate_to_root(), history_mapper.iterate_to_root()):
if hm.single:
continue


for hist_col in hm.local_table.c:
if hist_col.key == 'version' or hist_col.key == 'changed' or hist_col.key == 'hist_id':
continue


obj_col = om.local_table.c[hist_col.key]


# get the value of the
# attribute based on the MapperProperty related to the
# mapped column.  this will allow usage of MapperProperties
# that have a different keyname than that of the mapped column.
try:
prop = obj_mapper.get_property_by_column(obj_col)
except UnmappedColumnError:
# in the case of single table inheritance, there may be
# columns on the mapped table intended for the subclass only.
# the "unmapped" status of the subclass column on the
# base class is a feature of the declarative module as of sqla 0.5.2.
continue


# expired object attributes and also deferred cols might not be in the
# dict.  force it to load no matter what by using getattr().
if prop.key not in obj_state.dict:
getattr(obj, prop.key)


a, u, d = attributes.get_history(obj, prop.key)


if d:
attr[hist_col.key] = d[0]
obj_changed = True
elif u:
attr[hist_col.key] = u[0]
else:
# if the attribute had no value.
attr[hist_col.key] = a[0]
obj_changed = True


if not obj_changed:
# not changed, but we have relationships.  OK
# check those too
for prop in obj_mapper.iterate_properties:
if isinstance(prop, RelationshipProperty) and \
attributes.get_history(obj, prop.key).has_changes():
obj_changed = True
break


if not obj_changed and not deleted:
return


attr['version'] = obj.version
hist = history_cls()
for key, value in attr.iteritems():
setattr(hist, key, value)


obj.version += 1
session.add(hist)


class VersionedListener(SessionExtension):
def before_flush(self, session, flush_context, instances):
for obj in versioned_objects(session.dirty):
create_version(obj, session)
for obj in versioned_objects(session.deleted):
create_version(obj, session, deleted = True)
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I fixed the problem by putting the try: except stuff in a lambda and running them all after all the imports have happened.

Great!