检查两个数组是否相等

我想检查两个数组是否相等。我的意思是:相同的大小,相同的索引,相同的值。我该怎么做呢?

使用用户建议的!==,如果数组中至少有一个元素是不同的,我期望下面的语句会打印输入,但实际上不是这样。

if (($_POST['atlOriginal'] !== $oldAtlPosition)
or ($_POST['atl'] !== $aext)
or ($_POST['sidesOriginal'] !== $oldSidePosition)
or ($_POST['sidesOriginal'] !== $sideext)) {


echo "enter";
}
418409 次浏览

array_diff -计算数组的差值

http://php.net/manual/en/function.array-diff.php

array array_diff ( array $array1 , array $array2 [, array $... ] )

array1与一个或多个其他数组进行比较,并返回在array1中不存在于任何其他数组中的值。

将它们与其他值进行比较:

if($array_a == $array_b) {
//they are the same
}

你可以在这里阅读所有数组操作符: http://php.net/manual/en/language.operators.array.php 例如,请注意===还检查数组中元素的类型和顺序是否相同

$arraysAreEqual = ($a == $b); // TRUE if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs.
$arraysAreEqual = ($a === $b); // TRUE if $a and $b have the same key/value pairs in the same order and of the same types.

看到数组运算符

编辑

不等式运算符是!=,而非单位运算符是!==来匹配等式 操作符==和标识符===.

尝试序列化。这也将检查嵌套子数组。

$foo =serialize($array_foo);
$bar =serialize($array_bar);
if ($foo == $bar) echo "Foo and bar are equal";

根据这个页面

注意:接受的答案适用于关联数组,但它不适用于索引数组(下面解释)。如果你想比较它们中的任何一个,那么使用这个解决方案。此外,此函数可能不适用于多维数组(由于array_diff函数的性质)。

使用$a == $b$a === $b测试两个元素顺序不同的索引数组会失败,例如:

<?php
(array("x","y") == array("y","x")) === false;
?>

这是因为上面的意思是:

array(0 => "x", 1 => "y") vs. array(0 => "y", 1 => "x")

要解决这个问题,请使用:

<?php
function array_equal($a, $b) {
return (
is_array($a)
&& is_array($b)
&& count($a) == count($b)
&& array_diff($a, $b) === array_diff($b, $a)
);
}
?>

添加了比较数组大小(由super_ton建议),因为它可以提高速度。

一种方法:(为https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902#section-4.6实现'considered equal')

这种方式允许关联数组的成员顺序不同——例如,除了php,它们在每种语言中都被认为是相等的:)

// recursive ksort
function rksort($a) {
if (!is_array($a)) {
return $a;
}
foreach (array_keys($a) as $key) {
$a[$key] = ksort($a[$key]);
}
// SORT_STRING seems required, as otherwise
// numeric indices (e.g. "0") aren't sorted.
ksort($a, SORT_STRING);
return $a;
}




// Per https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc6902#section-4.6
function considered_equal($a1, $a2) {
return json_encode(rksort($a1)) === json_encode(rksort($a2));
}

另一个不考虑值顺序而检查是否相等的方法是使用http://php.net/manual/en/function.array-intersect.php,如下所示:

$array1 = array(2,5,3);
$array2 = array(5,2,3);
if($array1 === array_intersect($array1, $array2) && $array2 === array_intersect($array2, $array1)) {
echo 'Equal';
} else {
echo 'Not equal';
}

下面是一个使用http://php.net/manual/en/function.array-uintersect.php也适用于多维数组的版本:

$array1 = array(
array(5, 2),
array(3, 6),
array(2, 9, 4)
);
$array2 = array(
array(3, 6),
array(2, 9, 4),
array(5, 2)
);


if($array1 === array_uintersect($array1, $array2, 'compare') && $array2 === array_uintersect($array2, $array1, 'compare')) {
echo 'Equal';
} else {
echo 'Not equal';
}


function compare($v1, $v2) {
if ($v1===$v2) {
return 0;
}
if ($v1 > $v2) return 1;
return -1;
}

使用php函数array_diff(array1, array2);

它将返回数组之间的差值。如果是空的,那么它们相等。

例子:

$array1 = array(
'a' => 'value1',


'b' => 'value2',


'c' => 'value3'
);


$array2 = array(
'a' => 'value1',


'b' => 'value2',


'c' => 'value4'
);


$diff = array_diff(array1, array2);


var_dump($diff);


//it will print array = (0 => ['c'] => 'value4' )

示例2:

$array1 = array(
'a' => 'value1',


'b' => 'value2',


'c' => 'value3',
);


$array2 = array(
'a' => 'value1',


'b' => 'value2',


'c' => 'value3',
);


$diff = array_diff(array1, array2);


var_dump($diff);


//it will print empty;

简单的解决方案,即使是数组的键以不同的顺序给出:

public static function arrays_are_equal($array1, $array2)
{
array_multisort($array1);
array_multisort($array2);
return ( serialize($array1) === serialize($array2) );
}

数组的语法问题

$array1 = array(
'a' => 'value1',
'b' => 'value2',
'c' => 'value3',
);


$array2 = array(
'a' => 'value1',
'b' => 'value2',
'c' => 'value3',
);


$diff = array_diff($array1, $array2);


var_dump($diff);
if (array_diff($a,$b) == array_diff($b,$a)) {
// Equals
}


if (array_diff($a,$b) != array_diff($b,$a)) {
// Not Equals
}

从我的观点来看,最好使用array_diff而不是array_intersect,因为这种性质的检查通常返回的差异小于相似点,这样bool转换占用的内存更少。

编辑注意,此解决方案适用于普通数组,并补充了上面发布的仅对字典有效的==和===。

如果你想检查非关联数组,下面是解决方案:

$a = ['blog', 'company'];
$b = ['company', 'blog'];


(count(array_unique(array_merge($a, $b))) === count($a)) ? 'Equals' : 'Not Equals';
// Equals
function compareIsEqualArray(array $array1,array $array2):bool
{


return (array_diff($array1,$array2)==[] && array_diff($array2,$array1)==[]);


}

下面是如何比较数组并获得它们之间的不同之处的示例。

$array1 = ['1' => 'XXX', 'second' => [
'a' => ['test' => '2'],
'b' => 'test'
], 'b' => ['no test']];


$array2 = [
'1' => 'XX',
'second' => [
'a' => ['test' => '5', 'z' => 5],
'b' => 'test'
],
'test'
];




function compareArrayValues($arrayOne, $arrayTwo, &$diff = [], $reversed = false)
{
foreach ($arrayOne as $key => $val) {
if (!isset($arrayTwo[$key])) {
$diff[$key] = 'MISSING IN ' . ($reversed ? 'FIRST' : 'SECOND');
} else if (is_array($val) && (json_encode($arrayOne[$key]) !== json_encode($arrayTwo[$key]))) {
compareArrayValues($arrayOne[$key], $arrayTwo[$key], $diff[$key], $reversed);
} else if ($arrayOne[$key] !== $arrayTwo[$key]) {
$diff[$key] = 'DIFFERENT';
}
}
}


$diff = [];
$diffSecond = [];


compareArrayValues($array1, $array2, $diff);
compareArrayValues($array2, $array1, $diffSecond, true);


print_r($diff);
print_r($diffSecond);


print_r(array_merge($diff, $diffSecond));

结果:

Array
(
[0] => DIFFERENT
[second] => Array
(
[a] => Array
(
[test] => DIFFERENT
[z] => MISSING IN FIRST
)


)


[b] => MISSING IN SECOND
[1] => DIFFERENT
[2] => MISSING IN FIRST
)

以下解决方案适用于自定义相等函数,您可以将其作为回调传递。注意,它不检查数组的顺序。

trait AssertTrait
{
/**
* Determine if two arrays have the same elements, possibly in different orders. Elements comparison function must be passed as argument.
*
* @param array<mixed> $expected
* @param array<mixed> $actual
*
* @throws InvalidArgumentException
*/
public static function assertArraysContainSameElements(array $expected, array $actual, callable $comparisonFunction): void
{
Assert::assertEquals(\count($expected), \count($actual));


self::assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes($expected, $actual, $comparisonFunction);
self::assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes($actual, $expected, $comparisonFunction);
}


/**
* @param array<mixed> $needles
* @param array<mixed> $haystack
*
* @throws InvalidArgumentException
*/
private static function assertEveryElementOfArrayIsInAnotherArrayTheSameAmountOfTimes(
array $needles,
array $haystack,
callable $comparisonFunction
): void {
Assert::assertLessThanOrEqual(\count($needles), \count($haystack));


foreach ($needles as $expectedElement) {
$matchesOfExpectedElementInExpected = \array_filter(
$needles,
static fn($element): bool => $comparisonFunction($expectedElement, $element),
);


$matchesOfExpectedElementInActual = \array_filter(
$haystack,
static fn($element): bool => $comparisonFunction($expectedElement, $element),
);


Assert::assertEquals(\count($matchesOfExpectedElementInExpected), \count($matchesOfExpectedElementInActual));
}
}
}

我通常在数据库集成测试中使用它,当我想确保返回预期的元素,但我不关心排序。

比较两个数组是否相等的正确方法是使用严格相等(===),这是递归比较。现有的答案无法递归地对任意数组(具有任意深度和顺序的数组,包含顺序数组和关联数组的混合)进行排序,因此无法处理任意数组的比较。顺序数组是具有顺序键(0,1,2,3…)的关联数组,而关联数组没有顺序键。

要对这些任意数组排序,我们必须:

  1. 向下遍历没有更多子数组的叶节点
  2. 通过序列化顺序数组,然后排序它们(以消除必须使用自定义比较器的需要)
  3. 按键对关联数组排序

下面的代码实现了上述解决方案。欢迎对代码进行改进。

function recur_sort( &$array ) {
foreach ( $array as &$value ) {
if ( is_array( $value ) ) recur_sort( $value );
}


if ( is_sequential_array( $array ) ) {
$array = array_map( function( $el ) { return json_encode( $el ); }, $array  );
sort( $array, SORT_STRING );
$array = array_map( function( $el ) { return json_decode( $el, true ); }, $array  );
return;
} else {
return ksort( $array );
}
}


function is_sequential_array(Array &$a) {
$n = count($a);
for($i=0; $i<$n; $i++) {
if(!array_key_exists($i, $a)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

示例(在PHPUnit中):

//A stricter and recursive assertEqualsCanonicalizing
public function assertSameCanonicalizing( $expected, $actual ) {
recur_sort( $expected );
recur_sort( $actual );
$this->assertSame( $expected, $actual );
}

如果你想检查数组的键和值的关联是否严格相等(===),你可以使用以下函数:

function array_eq($a, $b) {
// If the objects are not arrays or differ in their size, they cannot be equal
if (!is_array($a) || !is_array($b) || count($a) !== count($b)) {
return false;
}
// If the arrays of keys are not strictly equal (after sorting),
// the original arrays are not strictly equal either
$a_keys = array_keys($a);
$b_keys = array_keys($b);
array_multisort($a_keys);
array_multisort($b_keys);
if ($a_keys !== $b_keys) {
return false;
}
// Comparing values
foreach ($a_keys as $key) {
$a_value = $a[$key];
$b_value = $b[$key];
// Either the objects are strictly equal or they are arrays
// which are equal according to our definition. Otherwise they
// are different.
if ($a_value !== $b_value && !array_eq($a_value, $b_value)) {
return false;
}
}
return true;
}

比较你的数组的值,也是多维的,关联的和任意组合的:

/**
* @see PHPUnit Assert::assertEqualsCanonicalizing()
* @return true if all keys and values are equal and of the same type,
* irregardless of items or keys order
*/
function array_vals_equal(array $a, array $b): bool {
// sort multi-dimensional recursive
$_deep_sort = function (array $a) use (&$_deep_sort): array{
// sort discarding index association or sort keys, depending on array type
array_is_list($a) ? sort($a) : ksort($a);
return array_map(fn($v) => is_array($v) ? $_deep_sort($v) : $v, $a);
};
// operator === checks that the count, types and order of the elements are the same
return $_deep_sort($a) === $_deep_sort($b);
}
// Test cases
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([1], [1]), true, 'simple eq');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0], [false]), false, 'simple eq');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0], [null]), false, 'simple eq');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0, 1], [1, 0]), true, 'simple eq, diff order');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0, 1, 2], [1, 0]), false, 'diff count');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0, 1], [0, 1, 2]), false, 'diff count 2');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([1, 2], [1, 2, 'hello']), false, 'diff count 3');
//
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([1, 2, 2], [2, 1, 1]), false, 'same vals repeated');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([1, 2, 2], [2, 2, 1]), true, 'same vals, different order');
//
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([1, 2, 3], ['1', '2', '3']), false, 'int should not be eq string');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([0 => 'a', 1 => 'b'], [0 => 'b', 1 => 'a']), true, 'same vals, diff order');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(['a', 'b'], [3 => 'b', 5 => 'a']), true, 'same vals, diff indexes');
// associative arrays whose members are ordered differently
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => 'b'], ['bb' => 'b', 'aa' => 'a']), true, 'dict with different order');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => 'b'], ['aa' => 'a']), false, 'a key is missing');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => 'b'], ['aa' => 'a', 'zz' => 'b']), false, 'dict same vals diff key');
// nested arrays with keys in different order
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => ['bb' => 'b', 'aa' => 'a']],
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => ['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => 'b']]
), true, 'dict multi 2 level, keys in different order');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => ['aa2' => 'a', 'bb2' => ['aa3' => 'a', 'bb3' => 'b']]],
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => ['aa2' => 'a', 'bb2' => ['aa3' => 'a', 'bb3' => 'b']]]
), true, 'dict multi 3 level');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal(
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => [0, 1]],
['aa' => 'a', 'bb' => [1, 0]]
), true, 'dict multi level, 2^ level sequential in different order');
assertEquals(array_vals_equal([[0, 1], ['a', 'b']], [['b', 'a'], [1, 0]]), true, 'multi level sequential');