Java: 使用类型参数访问私有构造函数

这是 关于 java 私有构造函数的问题的后续。

假设我有以下类:

class Foo<T>
{
private T arg;
private Foo(T t) {
// private!
this.arg = t;
}


@Override
public String toString() {
return "My argument is: " + arg;
}
}

如何使用反射构造 new Foo("hello")？

回答

基于 Jtahlborn 的回答，以下作品:

public class Example {
public static void main(final String[] args) throws Exception {
Constructor<Foo> constructor;
constructor = Foo.class.getDeclaredConstructor(Object.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Foo<String> foo = constructor.newInstance("arg1");
System.out.println(foo);
}
}
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最佳答案

you would need to get the class, find the constructor which takes a single argument with the lower bound of T (in this case Object), force the constructor to be accessible (using the setAccessible method), and finally invoke it with the desired argument.

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Make sure you use getDeclaredConstructors when getting the constructor and set its accessibility to true since its private.

Something like this should work.

Constructor<Foo> constructor= (Constructor<Foo>) Foo.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Foo obj = constructor.newInstance("foo");
System.out.println(obj);

Update

If you want to make use of getDeclaredConstructor, pass Object.class as an argument which translates to a generic T.

Class fooClazz = Class.forName("path.to.package.Foo");
Constructor<Foo> constructor = fooClazz.getDeclaredConstructor(Object.class);
constructor.setAccessible(true);
Foo obj = constructor.newInstance("foo");
System.out.println(obj);
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There is a library for JUnit (dp4j) that automatically inserts code for accessing private methods. That may be of use.

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As @ArtB said you could use dp4j.com, if you know the constructor you want to use at compile-time. On the project homepage there's an example of just that, accessing a Singleton constructor.

Instead of JUnit's @Test annotate the method in which to inject the Reflection with @Reflect:

public class Example {
@com.dp4j.Reflect
public static void main(final String[] args){
Foo<String> foo = new Foo("hello");
System.out.println(foo);
}
}

To see the reflection generated code use -Averbose=true argument as in this answer.

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Well in case if private constructor does not take any argument then we fetch problem while creating new instance, in this case after setAccessible true we can't create object. Even construct.newInstance(null); won't create object for no argument constructor.

can we create object of below code using reflection:

public class Singleton {


private static Singleton instance = new Singleton();


/* private constructor */
private Singleton() {}


public static Singleton getDefaultInstance() {
return instance;
}
}

Yes we can create the object of above class. 

// reflection concept to get constructor of a Singleton class.
Constructor<Singleton> constructor = Singleton.class.getDeclaredConstructor();


// change the accessibility of constructor for outside a class object creation.
constructor.setAccessible(true);


// creates object of a class as constructor is accessible now.
Singleton secondOb = constructor.newInstance();


// close the accessibility of a constructor.
constructor.setAccessible(false);

You can Refer: Example 2: "Eager Initialization" and "Singleton Violation by reflection" of my blog: http://sanjaymadnani.wordpress.com/2014/04/14/singleton-design-pattern-in-java/

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If Junit Test Class (in Test Folder) has the same package name as of Actual Class, then from Junit Test case, we can call all private methods to test, without any additional library like dp4j.

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At first I was getting NoSuchMethodException using reflection.

Use this:

Constructor<TestClass> constructor= (Constructor<TestClass>) TestClass.class.getDeclaredConstructors()[0];

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