Error installing geopandas:" A GDAL API version must be specified " in Anaconda

This error raised while installing geopandas. I've looking for its solution on the web, but none of them really explain what happened and how to solve it.. This is the full error:

    Collecting geopandas
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/24/11/d77c157c16909bd77557d00798b05a5b6615ed60acb5900fbe6a65d35e93/geopandas-0.4.0-py2.py3-none-any.whl
Requirement already satisfied: shapely in c:\users\alvaro\anaconda3\envs\tfdeeplearning\lib\site-packages (from geopandas) (1.6.4.post2)
Requirement already satisfied: pandas in c:\users\alvaro\anaconda3\envs\tfdeeplearning\lib\site-packages (from geopandas) (0.20.3)
Collecting fiona (from geopandas)
Using cached https://files.pythonhosted.org/packages/3a/16/84960540e9fce61d767fd2f0f1d95f4c63e99ab5d8fddc308e8b51b059b8/Fiona-1.8.4.tar.gz
Complete output from command python setup.py egg_info:
A GDAL API version must be specified. Provide a path to gdal-config using a GDAL_CONFIG environment variable or use a GDAL_VERSION environment variable.


----------------------------------------
Command "python setup.py egg_info" failed with error code 1 in C:\Users\Alvaro\AppData\Local\Temp\pip-install-oxgkjg8l\fiona\
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小开

Geospatial Data Abstraction Library (GDAL) is a library designed for vector geospatial data formats. It's a prerequisite for installing Fiona, the Python API for OGR (which doesn't really stand for anything), which is in turn a prerequisite for Geopandas. On UNIX-like systems the gdal-config script tells Fiona stuff about your particular gdal installation.

It seems that your gdal-config is not in one of the usual places on your PATH, so Fiona was unable to find it.

If you're using Anaconda, best is to remove gdal with conda remove gdal and then do a fresh conda install geopandas.

As a general rule, if you're using Conda you should never use pip to install something inside it unless you're absolutely sure conda offers no support for it. (Many package can be found on conda by specifying the right channel - -c argument.) And specifically in the case of geopandas, the maintainers recommend using conda over pip, since pip requires you to install the dependencies correctly.

小开

One way in which I could install geopandas was through the Anaconda Navigator. Get into the environment and install the package 'geopandas'. After that I could import the geopandas package in spyder

小开 
pip install wheel
pip install pipwin


pipwin install numpy
pipwin install pandas
pipwin install shapely
pipwin install gdal
pipwin install fiona
pipwin install pyproj
pipwin install six
pipwin install rtree
pipwin install geopandas

here are the source links: http://geopandas.org/install.html#installation https://pip.pypa.io/en/latest/user_guide/#installing-from-wheels https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#numpy

If you still have problems, consider uninstalling the above (pip uninstall) and reinstalling.

小开

I had a lot of issues myself installing geopandas, mostly showing error when downloading fiona and gdal. I did every step above and did a conda install geopandas but failed. The only thing worked for me is to install fiona and gdal wheel separately.

go to the link by Christoph: gohlke:https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#fiona

  • You can search for fiona and gdal wheel files. Make sure you choose the file as per your python version, if it is 3.7 then there would be cp37.
  • Download the file
  • go to command prompt, put cd and then pip install , install GDAL wheel file, then fiona, then just do pip install geopandas.

This solution worked for me.

小开

I will add

!pip install descartes

to @JDOaktown list.

小开

I solved this problem by running the following commands:

pip install pipwin
pipwin install gdal
pipwin install fiona
pip install geopandas

Works successfully on Windows.

小开

I started with pip install geopandas and got the error, but later tried with conda install --channel conda-forge geopandas and the error disappeared.

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Successfully installed in RHEL 7.8. It automatically downloaded the required packages. This might be helpful

Installing collected packages: certifi, pyproj, shapely, attrs, click, click-plugins, munch, cligj, fiona, geopandas Successfully installed attrs-20.3.0 certifi-2020.11.8 click-7.1.2 click-plugins-1.1.1 cligj-0.7.0 fiona-1.8.17 geopandas-0.8.1 munch-2.5.0 pyproj-3.0.0.post1 shapely-1.7.1

小开

For me, the only solution was to install the ready binaries from here

https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/#gdal

Then just install locally

pip install GDAL-3.1.4-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl

小开

To install gdal, I followed the following steps:

  1. downloaded the version that satisfies my computer (64 bit) from https://www.lfd.uci.edu/~gohlke/pythonlibs/ . The file was GDAL-3.1.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

  2. Put the file in a folder on the desktop.

  3. From cmd, i moved to that directory and executed python -m pip install GDAL-3.1.4-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

  4. This is followed by installing fiona the same way: python -m pip install Fiona-1.8.18-cp37-cp37m-win_amd64.whl

  5. For shapely, i executed conda install -c conda-forge shapely

  6. After that, i was able to install keplergl as usual: pip install keplergl

  7. install descartes: conda install -c conda-forge descartes (or python -m pip install descartes).

In this way, i didn't have to play around with the 'Environmental Variables' as this may affect other programs Cheers..

小开

If you want to install GDAL, Geopandas, Shapely, Fiona etc in a windows Virtual Environment download .whl files for all of them and first install GDAL using pip install gdal-.whl Following this command edit the activate.bat file in you venv\Scripts folder and add GDAL_CONFIG = \venv\Lib\site-packages\osgeo Then you can install rest using pip install

小开

I don't have conda installed, then using just pip I followed these steps:

Download GDAL and Fiona wheels directly on:

Then:

  1. pip install <gdal.whl>
  2. pip install <fiona.whl>

In my case I did pip install GDAL-3.4.1-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl and Fiona-1.8.21-cp38-cp38-win_amd64.whl. Where cp38 stands for python 3.8.

After that you are able to install geopandas with pip as well.

  1. pip install geo pandas
小开

Installing geopandas

Geopandas has very complex multi-language dependencies, some of which need to be built with consistent compiler versions across packages. Because of this, the geopandas docs recommend installing using conda in a new environment using conda-forge only. Here are some general best practices to keep in mind:

  1. conda is the recommended installation method. You can install geopandas from pip or source, but it's going to be a bumpy ride and it's not recommended. If you're installing conda for the first time, I recommend you start with miniconda (or better yet miniforge, a conda-forge-first miniconda variant), not anaconda, to keep your base env lean.
  2. When using conda, you should not mix and match conda channels.
  3. When installing geopandas, try creating a fresh environment rather than installing into your base environment. If you have anaconda installed, it comes with a large number of packages from the "defaults" channel installed in your base environment. I recommend deleting anaconda and installing miniconda, then installing into a new environment.
  4. Try to create a new environment with everything you plan to use all at once rather than iteratively modifying the environment. In other words, if you want to use geopandas with scikit_learn, folium, and rasterio, install them together with a single conda create command
  5. As a last resort, delete your conda installation and re-install miniconda. Desperate times call for desperate measures, and this usually resolves gnarly installation nightmares.

To create a fresh conda environment in which you install all necessary dependencies at the same time, using the conda-forge channel:

conda create -n my-geopandas-env -c conda-forge geopandas [all other packages you need]

For example, I might set up an environment with something along the lines of...

conda create -n my-geopandas-env -c conda-forge python=3.9 \
ipython ipykernel geopandas scipy seaborn fiona matplotlib cartopy

Bundling your installations into a single environment creation step like this reduces the chance of packages falling out of sync. To speed this process up, you could first install mamba or mambaforge, a faster drop-in replacement for conda, into your base environment and then run the above commands with mamba instead of conda.

Generally, it's best to avoid installing much of anything in your base environment (cross-environment system utilities like mamba are some of the few exceptions). If you already have a complex base environment (maybe you started with anaconda rather than miniconda) this may be the time to delete your entire conda installation and start from scratch (I know that's terrifying... sorry! but it'll save you heartache in the future). mamba is great for speeding this process up.

Connecting your editor to the conda environment

Once you have installed all of the packages you need, activate your environment with conda activate my-geopandas-env. See the conda guide to managing environments for more info.

Jupyter/ipython

Some editors/IDEs including jupyter require additional packages - jupyter requires that ipython and ipykernel be installed in order to load the environment within the notebook or editor - that's why I included ipykernel in my list above. See the ipykernel docs for more info.

Other IDES

To link this environment to an IDE such as VSCODE, spider, etc., find the location of this python version with conda run -n my-geopandas-env which python then point your editor to this python executable. Check the docs of your specific editor to get more targeted info about how to set up a conda environment for use with your editor:

小开

I started off with a clean environment gdal_test in Conda environments, but made the mistake of using the old activate gdal_test instead of conda activate gdal_test. This made Conda Environment resolving take forever, which is why I resolved to other methods at first.

Takeaway: let conda handle it, with a proper new environment.

小开

I ran into this problem not with anaconda/windows, but with python:3.6 Docker image. Google search always led me to this question, so I think I will share how I resolve my issue in case others also end up here.

Based on here, you need to install system relevant packages in the Dockerfile before running pip install geopandas or pip install requirements.txt:

RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
build-essential \
libatlas-base-dev \
libgdal-dev \
gfortran

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