跟踪PHP中的脚本执行时间

为了强制执行max_execution_time限制,PHP必须跟踪特定脚本所使用的CPU时间。

是否有一种方法可以在脚本中访问它?我希望在测试中包含一些关于实际PHP中消耗了多少CPU的日志记录(当脚本等待数据库时,时间不会增加)。

我用的是Linux机顶盒。

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最便宜和最脏的方法是在代码中你想要进行基准测试的地方进行microtime()调用。在数据库查询之前和之后执行它,从脚本执行时间的其余部分中删除这些持续时间就很简单了。

提示:PHP执行时间很少会导致脚本超时。如果一个脚本超时,它几乎总是调用外部资源。

PHP microtime文档: http://us.php.net/microtime < / p >

在unix系统上(在Windows上的php 7+中也是如此),你可以使用getrusage,比如:

// Script start
$rustart = getrusage();


// Code ...


// Script end
function rutime($ru, $rus, $index) {
return ($ru["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($ru["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000))
-  ($rus["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($rus["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000));
}


$ru = getrusage();
echo "This process used " . rutime($ru, $rustart, "utime") .
" ms for its computations\n";
echo "It spent " . rutime($ru, $rustart, "stime") .
" ms in system calls\n";

注意,如果要为每个测试生成一个php实例,则不需要计算差异。

我认为您应该看看xdebug。分析选项将为您了解许多与流程相关的项目提供一个良好的开端。

< a href = " http://www.xdebug.org/ " rel = " noreferrer > http://www.xdebug.org/ < / >

如果你需要的是挂钟时间,而不是CPU执行时间,那么计算起来很简单:

//place this before any script you want to calculate time
$time_start = microtime(true);


//sample script
for($i=0; $i<1000; $i++){
//do anything
}


$time_end = microtime(true);


//dividing with 60 will give the execution time in minutes otherwise seconds
$execution_time = ($time_end - $time_start)/60;


//execution time of the script
echo '<b>Total Execution Time:</b> '.$execution_time.' Mins';
// if you get weird results, use number_format((float) $execution_time, 10)

注意,这将包括PHP等待外部资源(如磁盘或数据库)的时间,这在max_execution_time中不使用。

developerfusion.com的Gringod给出了一个很好的答案:

<!-- put this at the top of the page -->
<?php
$mtime = microtime();
$mtime = explode(" ",$mtime);
$mtime = $mtime[1] + $mtime[0];
$starttime = $mtime;
;?>


<!-- put other code and html in here -->




<!-- put this code at the bottom of the page -->
<?php
$mtime = microtime();
$mtime = explode(" ",$mtime);
$mtime = $mtime[1] + $mtime[0];
$endtime = $mtime;
$totaltime = ($endtime - $starttime);
echo "This page was created in ".$totaltime." seconds";
;?>

从(http://www.developerfusion.com/code/2058/determine-execution-time-in-php/)

<?php
// Randomize sleeping time
usleep(mt_rand(100, 10000));


// As of PHP 5.4.0, REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT is available in the $_SERVER superglobal array.
// It contains the timestamp of the start of the request with microsecond precision.
$time = microtime(true) - $_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"];


echo "Did nothing in $time seconds\n";
?>

talal7860回答的简短版本

<?php
// At start of script
$time_start = microtime(true);


// Anywhere else in the script
echo 'Total execution time in seconds: ' . (microtime(true) - $time_start);

正如所指出的,这是“wallclock时间”而不是“cpu时间”

我创建了一个ExecutionTime类的phihag答案,你可以使用开箱即用:

class ExecutionTime
{
private $startTime;
private $endTime;


public function start(){
$this->startTime = getrusage();
}


public function end(){
$this->endTime = getrusage();
}


private function runTime($ru, $rus, $index) {
return ($ru["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($ru["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000))
-  ($rus["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($rus["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000));
}


public function __toString(){
return "This process used " . $this->runTime($this->endTime, $this->startTime, "utime") .
" ms for its computations\nIt spent " . $this->runTime($this->endTime, $this->startTime, "stime") .
" ms in system calls\n";
}
}

用法:

$executionTime = new ExecutionTime();
$executionTime->start();
// code
$executionTime->end();
echo $executionTime;

注意:在PHP 5中,getrusage函数只适用于类unix系统。从PHP 7开始,它也可以在Windows上工作。

您可能只想知道部分脚本的执行时间。为部分或整个脚本计时的最灵活的方法是创建3个简单的函数(这里给出了过程代码,但您可以通过在它周围放置类timer{}并进行一些调整将其转换为类)。这段代码工作,只需复制粘贴并运行:

$tstart = 0;
$tend = 0;


function timer_starts()
{
global $tstart;


$tstart=microtime(true); ;


}


function timer_ends()
{
global $tend;


$tend=microtime(true); ;


}


function timer_calc()
{
global $tstart,$tend;


return (round($tend - $tstart,2));
}


timer_starts();
file_get_contents('http://google.com');
timer_ends();
print('It took '.timer_calc().' seconds to retrieve the google page');

我写了一个检查剩余执行时间的函数。

警告:执行时间计数在Windows和Linux平台上是不同的。

/**
* Check if more that `$miliseconds` ms remains
* to error `PHP Fatal error:  Maximum execution time exceeded`
*
* @param int $miliseconds
* @return bool
*/
function isRemainingMaxExecutionTimeBiggerThan($miliseconds = 5000) {
$max_execution_time = ini_get('max_execution_time');
if ($max_execution_time === 0) {
// No script time limitation
return true;
}
if (strtoupper(substr(PHP_OS, 0, 3)) === 'WIN') {
// On Windows: The real time is measured.
$spendMiliseconds = (microtime(true) - $_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"]) * 1000;
} else {
// On Linux: Any time spent on activity that happens outside the execution
//           of the script such as system calls using system(), stream operations
//           database queries, etc. is not included.
//           @see http://php.net/manual/en/function.set-time-limit.php
$resourceUsages = getrusage();
$spendMiliseconds = $resourceUsages['ru_utime.tv_sec'] * 1000 + $resourceUsages['ru_utime.tv_usec'] / 1000;
}
$remainingMiliseconds = $max_execution_time * 1000 - $spendMiliseconds;
return ($remainingMiliseconds >= $miliseconds);
}

使用:

while (true) {
// so something


if (!isRemainingMaxExecutionTimeBiggerThan(5000)) {
// Time to die.
// Safely close DB and done the iteration.
}
}

作为一种替代方法,你可以把这一行放在你的代码块中,并检查php日志,对于非常慢的函数,它非常有用:

trigger_error("Task done at ". strftime('%H:%m:%S', time()), E_USER_NOTICE);

严肃的调试使用XDebug + Cachegrind,参见https://blog.nexcess.net/2011/01/29/diagnosing-slow-php-execution-with-xdebug-and-kcachegrind/

如果你像这样格式化秒的输出,它会更漂亮:

echo "Process took ". number_format(microtime(true) - $start, 2). " seconds.";

将打印

Process took 6.45 seconds.

这比

Process took 6.4518549156189 seconds.

进一步扩展Hamid的回答,我写了一个可以重复启动和停止的helper类(用于在循环中进行分析)。

   class ExecutionTime
{
private $startTime;
private $endTime;
private $compTime = 0;
private $sysTime = 0;


public function Start(){
$this->startTime = getrusage();
}


public function End(){
$this->endTime = getrusage();
$this->compTime += $this->runTime($this->endTime, $this->startTime, "utime");
$this->systemTime += $this->runTime($this->endTime, $this->startTime, "stime");
}


private function runTime($ru, $rus, $index) {
return ($ru["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($ru["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000))
-  ($rus["ru_$index.tv_sec"]*1000 + intval($rus["ru_$index.tv_usec"]/1000));
}


public function __toString(){
return "This process used " . $this->compTime . " ms for its computations\n" .
"It spent " . $this->systemTime . " ms in system calls\n";
}
}

要显示分钟和秒,您可以使用:

    $startTime = microtime(true);
$endTime = microtime(true);
$diff = round($endTime - $startTime);
$minutes = floor($diff / 60); //only minutes
$seconds = $diff % 60;//remaining seconds, using modulo operator
echo "script execution time: minutes:$minutes, seconds:$seconds"; //value in seconds

return microtime(true) - $_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"];

$_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']

看看这个。即。

...
// your codes running
...
echo (time() - $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME']);

当PHP中有闭包功能时,为什么我们不从中获益呢?

function startTime(){
$startTime = microtime(true);
return function () use ($startTime){
return microtime(true) - $startTime;
};
}

现在,在上述函数的帮助下,我们可以像这样跟踪时间

$stopTime = startTime();
//some code block or line
$elapsedTime = $stopTime();

每次调用startTime函数都会启动一个单独的时间跟踪器。所以你可以想启动多少就启动多少,也可以在任何你想要的地方停止它们。

打印的小脚本,位于页面底部居中,脚本执行从服务器调用微秒精度开始。

为了不扭曲结果,并与页面中的内容100%兼容,我使用浏览器端本地javascript代码段在页面上编写结果。

//Uncomment the line below to test with 2 seconds
//usleep(2000000);


$prec = 5; // numbers after comma
$time = number_format(microtime(true) - $_SERVER['REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT'], $prec, '.', '');
echo "<script>
if(!tI) {
var tI=document.createElement('div');
tI.style.fontSize='8px';
tI.style.marginBottom='5px';
tI.style.position='absolute';
tI.style.bottom='0px';
tI.style.textAlign='center';
tI.style.width='98%';
document.body.appendChild(tI);
}
tI.innerHTML='$time';
</script>";

另一种方法是使代码片段尽可能小,并使用样式表中的类对其进行样式化。

  1. echo ...;部分替换为以下内容:

    echo "<script>if(!tI){var tI=document.createElement('div');tI.className='ldtme';document.body.appendChild(tI);}tI.innerHTML='$time';</script>";

  2. 在CSS中创建并填充.ldtme{...}类。

我想说的是:

  • 如果测量目标是两个点A和B在不同的php文件会发生什么?

  • 如果我们需要不同的测量,如基于时间,代码执行持续时间,外部资源访问持续时间?

  • 如果我们需要组织我们的测量类别,每个类别都有不同的起点,该怎么办?

正如你怀疑的那样,我们需要一些全局变量来被类对象或静态方法访问:我选择第二种方法,它是:

namespace g3;


class Utils {
public function __construct() {}


public static $UtilsDtStart = [];
public static $UtilsDtStats = [];


public static function dt() {
global $UtilsDtStart, $UtilsDtStats;
$obj = new \stdClass();
$obj->start = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart) {
$UtilsDtStart[$ndx] = \microtime(true) * 1000;
};
$obj->codeStart = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart) {
$use = \getrusage();
$UtilsDtStart[$ndx] = ($use["ru_utime.tv_sec"] * 1000) + ($use["ru_utime.tv_usec"] / 1000);
};
$obj->resourceStart = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart) {
$use = \getrusage();
$UtilsDtStart[$ndx] = $use["ru_stime.tv_usec"] / 1000;
};
$obj->end = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart, &$UtilsDtStats) {
$t = @$UtilsDtStart[$ndx];
if($t === null)
return false;
$end = \microtime(true) * 1000;
$dt = $end - $t;
$UtilsDtStats[$ndx][] = $dt;
return $dt;
};
$obj->codeEnd = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart, &$UtilsDtStats) {
$t = @$UtilsDtStart[$ndx];
if($t === null)
return false;
$use = \getrusage();
$dt = ($use["ru_utime.tv_sec"] * 1000) + ($use["ru_utime.tv_usec"] / 1000) - $t;
$UtilsDtStats[$ndx][] = $dt;
return $dt;
};
$obj->resourceEnd = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStart, &$UtilsDtStats) {
$t = @$UtilsDtStart[$ndx];
if($t === null)
return false;
$use = \getrusage();
$dt = ($use["ru_stime.tv_usec"] / 1000) - $t;
$UtilsDtStats[$ndx][] = $dt;
return $dt;
};
$obj->stats = function(int $ndx = 0) use (&$UtilsDtStats) {
$s = @$UtilsDtStats[$ndx];
if($s !== null)
$s = \array_slice($s, 0);
else
$s = false;
return $s;
};
$obj->statsLength = function() use (&$UtilsDtStats) {
return \count($UtilsDtStats);
};
return $obj;
}
}

现在你所要做的就是调用属于特定类别的方法,索引表示它的唯一组:

File A
------
\call_user_func_array(\g3\Utils::dt()->start, [0]);   // point A
...
File B
------
$dt = \call_user_func_array(\g3\Utils::dt()->end, [0]);  // point B

$dt包含点A和点B之间挂钟持续时间的毫秒数。

估算php代码运行所花费的时间:

File A
------
\call_user_func_array(\g3\Utils::dt()->codeStart, [1]);   // point A
...
File B
------
$dt = \call_user_func_array(\g3\Utils::dt()->codeEnd, [1]);  // point B

注意我们是如何改变传递给方法的索引的。

该代码基于从函数返回对象/函数时发生的闭包效应(参见示例中重复的\g3\Utils::dt())。

我用php单元进行了测试,在同一测试文件中的不同测试方法之间,到目前为止它表现良好!

希望这能帮助到别人!

这里列出了几种方法。但每个人都有自己的优点和缺点。而且(在我看来)所有较长的答案的可读性都很糟糕。

所以我决定把这些都放在一个答案中,这是容易使用和阅读的。

使用

$start = get_timers();
for( $i = 0; $i < 100000; $i++ ){
// Code to check
}
$end = get_timers();
display_timer_statistics( $start, $end );

函数定义

function display_timer_statistics( $start_timers, $end_timers ){


// Settings
$key_width = '100px';
$decimals = 4;
$decimals_wallclock = $decimals;
$decimals_request_time_float = $decimals;


// Variables
$start_resource_usage_timer = $start_timers[0];
$start_wallclock = $start_timers[1];
$end_resource_usage_timer = $end_timers[0];
$end_wallclock = $end_timers[1];


// # User time
// Add seconds and microseconds for the start/end, and subtract from another
$end_user_time_seconds = $end_resource_usage_timer["ru_utime.tv_sec"]*1000;
$end_user_time_microseconds = intval($end_resource_usage_timer["ru_utime.tv_usec"]/1000);
$start_user_time_seconds = $start_resource_usage_timer["ru_utime.tv_sec"]*1000;
$start_user_time_microseconds = intval($start_resource_usage_timer["ru_utime.tv_usec"]/1000);
$total_user_time = ($end_user_time_seconds + $end_user_time_microseconds) - ($start_user_time_seconds + $start_user_time_microseconds);


// # System time
// Add seconds and microseconds for the start/end, and subtract from another
$end_system_time_seconds = $end_resource_usage_timer["ru_stime.tv_sec"]*1000;
$end_system_time_microseconds = intval($end_resource_usage_timer["ru_stime.tv_usec"]/1000);
$start_system_time_seconds = $start_resource_usage_timer["ru_stime.tv_sec"]*1000;
$start_system_time_microseconds = intval($start_resource_usage_timer["ru_stime.tv_usec"]/1000);
$total_system_time = ($end_system_time_seconds + $end_system_time_microseconds) - ($start_system_time_seconds + $start_system_time_microseconds);


// Wallclock
$total_wallclock_time = number_format( ( $end_wallclock - $start_wallclock), $decimals_wallclock );


// Server request_time_float
$request_time_float = microtime(true) - $_SERVER["REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT"];
$request_time_float = number_format( $request_time_float, $decimals_request_time_float );


// Print
$span_start = "<span style='width: $key_width; display: inline-block;'>";
$span_end = "</span>";


$output = "# RUNTIME AND TIMERS " . PHP_EOL ;
$output .= PHP_EOL;
$output .= $span_start . $total_user_time . $span_end . " User time (utime)" . PHP_EOL;
$output .= $span_start . $total_system_time . $span_end . " System time (stime)" . PHP_EOL;
$output .= PHP_EOL;
$output .= $span_start . $total_wallclock_time . $span_end . " Wallclock" . PHP_EOL;
$output .= PHP_EOL;
$output .= $span_start . $request_time_float . $span_end . " REQUEST_TIME_FLOAT" . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL . PHP_EOL;


echo nl2br( $output );
}


function get_timers(){
return [ getrusage(), microtime( true ) ];
}

术语表

都是从getusage的PHP文档中得到的

  • 挂钟=花了多长时间
  • ru =资源使用情况
  • utime =用户使用的时间
  • stime =使用的系统时间
  • tv_sec =秒。
  • tv_usec =微秒。
  • __abc0 = ??不知道