在 Objective-C 中使用类别重写方法

我是否可以使用类别来覆盖已经使用类别实现的方法:

1)原来的方法

-(BOOL) method {
return true;
}

2)重写方法

-(BOOL) method {
NSLog(@"error?");
return true;
}

这能行吗，还是这是违法的？

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From Apple documentation:

Although the Objective-C language currently allows you to use a category to override methods the class inherits, or even methods declared in the class interface, you are strongly discouraged from doing so. A category is not a substitute for a subclass. There are several significant shortcomings to using a category to override methods:

  • When a category overrides an inherited method, the method in the category can, as usual, invoke the inherited implementation via a message to super. However, if a category overrides a method that exists in the category's class, there is no way to invoke the original implementation.

  • A category cannot reliably override methods declared in another category of the same class.

    This issue is of particular significance because many of the Cocoa classes are implemented using categories. A framework-defined method you try to override may itself have been implemented in a category, and so which implementation takes precedence is not defined.

  • The very presence of some category methods may cause behavior changes across all frameworks. For example, if you override the windowWillClose: delegate method in a category on NSObject, all window delegates in your program then respond using the category method; the behavior of all your instances of NSWindow may change. Categories you add on a framework class may cause mysterious changes in behavior and lead to crashes.

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You can do this by adapting Class Cluster approach, or using methods swizzling technique.

Otherwise, the behavior of two or more categorized methods is undefined

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It’s important to note that a category can also be used to override existing methods in the base class (e.g., the Car class’s drive method), but you should never do this. The problem is that categories are a flat organizational structure. If you override an existing method in Car+Maintenance.m, and then decide you want to change its behavior again with another category, there is no way for Objective-C to know which implementation to use. Subclassing is almost always a better option in such a situation.

From this tutorial, http://rypress.com/tutorials/objective-c/categories

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Old documentation link is dead; best replacement I could find was here: Apple Docs:

Avoid Category Method Name Clashes

Because the methods declared in a category are added to an existing class, you need to be very careful about method names.

If the name of a method declared in a category is the same as a method in the original class, or a method in another category on the same class (or even a superclass), the behavior is undefined as to which method implementation is used at runtime. This is less likely to be an issue if you’re using categories with your own classes, but can cause problems when using categories to add methods to standard Cocoa or Cocoa Touch classes.

It's Apple using a lighter touch, but the main point is the same: you invite disaster, because the unpredictable behavior is silent.


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