如何找到可执行文件的路径？

我需要设置一个二进制路径的环境。在 shell 中，我可以使用 which来查找路径。在巨蟒语中有对应的词吗？ 这是我的原则。

cmd = ["which","abc"]
p = subprocess.Popen(cmd, stdout=subprocess.PIPE)
res = p.stdout.readlines()
if len(res) == 0: return False
return True
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小开

There's not a command to do that, but you can iterate over environ["PATH"] and look if the file exists, which is actually what which does.

import os


def which(file):
for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
if os.path.exists(os.path.join(path, file)):
return os.path.join(path, file)


return None

Good luck!

小开

You could try something like the following:

import os
import os.path
def which(filename):
"""docstring for which"""
locations = os.environ.get("PATH").split(os.pathsep)
candidates = []
for location in locations:
candidate = os.path.join(location, filename)
if os.path.isfile(candidate):
candidates.append(candidate)
return candidates
小开

If you use shell=True, then your command will be run through the system shell, which will automatically find the binary on the path:

p = subprocess.Popen("abc", stdout=subprocess.PIPE, shell=True)
小开
最佳答案

There is distutils.spawn.find_executable().

小开

I know this is an older question, but if you happen to be using Python 3.3+ you can use shutil.which(cmd). You can find the documentation here. It has the advantage of being in the standard library.

An example would be like so:

>>> import shutil
>>> shutil.which("bash")
'/usr/bin/bash'
小开

This is the equivalent of the which command, which not only checks if the file exists, but also whether it is executable:

import os


def which(file_name):
for path in os.environ["PATH"].split(os.pathsep):
full_path = os.path.join(path, file_name)
if os.path.exists(full_path) and os.access(full_path, os.X_OK):
return full_path
return None
小开

Here's a one-line version of earlier answers:

import os
which = lambda y: next(filter(lambda x: os.path.isfile(x) and os.access(x,os.X_OK),[x+os.path.sep+y for x in os.getenv("PATH").split(os.pathsep)]),None)

used like so:

>>> which("ls")
'/bin/ls'

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