如何使用 Git 跟踪目录而不跟踪文件？

我最近开始使用 Git，只有一个问题。如何跟踪目录而不跟踪其内容？

例如，我正在工作的网站允许上传。我想跟踪上传目录，以便它是在分支时创建的，等等，但显然不是其中的文件(测试文件，而在开发分支或真正的主文件)。

在我的. gitignore 我有以下:

uploads/*.*

Have also tried (which ignores the whole directory):

uploads/

这个目录也可能包含子目录(上传/拇指/上传/视频/)我希望能够跟踪这些，但不是他们的文件。

Git 可以做到这一点吗? 我到处都找过了，但是没有找到答案。

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最佳答案

Git doesn't track directories, it tracks files, so to acheive this you need to track at least one file. So assuming your .gitignore file looks something like this:

upload/*

You can do this:

$ touch upload/.placeholder
$ git add -f upload/.placeholder

If you forget the -f you'll see:

$ git add upload/.placeholder
The following paths are ignored by one of your .gitignore files:
upload
Use -f if you really want to add them.
fatal: no files added

Then when you do git status you'll see:

# On branch master
#
# Initial commit
#
# Changes to be committed:
#   (use "git rm --cached ..." to unstage)
#
#   new file:   upload/.placeholder
#

Obviously you can then do:

$ touch upload/images/.placeholder
$ git add -f upload/images/.placeholder
小开

I wrote about this here.

Add a .gitignore within the directory.

小开

Best answerd I've found is to include a .gitignore file in your upload folder with this content

# Ignore everything in this directory
*
# Except this file
!.gitignore

Here you have How can I add an empty directory to a Git repository?

小开

The best solution so far:

1) Create a .gitignore file

2) Write inside: 

*
*/
!.gitignore

3) Add the .gitignore file to the folder that you want.

Source: https://stackoverflow.com/a/5581995/2958543

小开

In order to track only directories but not the files, I did the following. Thanks to the @PeterFarmer's comment on git tracking only files, I've been able to keep all directories excluding the files as described in below.

# exclude everything in every folder
/data/**/*.*


# include only .gitkeep files
!/data/**/*.gitkeep

Adding this to the .gitignore file will do the work. The following is my folder structure.

data/
├── processed
│   ├── dataset1.csv
│   └── dataset2.csv
├── raw
│   ├── raw_dataset1.json
└── test
├── subfolder
│   └── dataset2.csv
└── reviews.csv

When I do git add . && git status, git only recognizes folders, but not files.

Changes to be committed:
(use "git reset HEAD <file>..." to unstage)


modified:   .gitignore
new file:   data/processed/.gitkeep
new file:   data/raw/.gitkeep
new file:   data/test/.gitkeep
new file:   data/test/subfolder/.gitkeep

Keep in mind that the following for your .gitignore files:

Prepending slash looks only for the root directory.

/dir

Double asterisk looks for zero or more directories.

/**/

小开

(In your example, directory is uploads.)

In the root directory, in a .gitignore file, put:

directory/*
!*.gitkeep

Then save an empty .gitkeep file in directory.


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