在不同行的文件中的多个字符串(例如，整个文件，而不是基于行的搜索) ？

我希望用一个可用的返回代码(因为我真的只喜欢包含字符串的信息，所以我的一行程序比这更进一步)来对包含字符 Dansk、 Svenska或 Norsk的文件进行 grep。

我有很多这样的文件:

Disc Title: unknown
Title: 01, Length: 01:33:37.000 Chapters: 33, Cells: 31, Audio streams: 04, Subpictures: 20
Subtitle: 01, Language: ar - Arabic, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x20,
Subtitle: 02, Language: bg - Bulgarian, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x21,
Subtitle: 03, Language: cs - Czech, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x22,
Subtitle: 04, Language: da - Dansk, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x23,
Subtitle: 05, Language: de - Deutsch, Content: Undefined, Stream id: 0x24,
(...)

下面是我想要的伪代码:

for all files in directory;
if file contains "Dansk" AND "Norsk" AND "Svenska" then
then echo the filename
end

做这件事的最好方法是什么? 一行就可以做到吗？

112738 次浏览
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How to grep for multiple strings in file on different lines (Use the pipe symbol):

for file in *;do
test $(grep -E 'Dansk|Norsk|Svenska' $file | wc -l) -ge 3 && echo $file
done

Notes:

  1. If you use double quotes "" with your grep, you will have to escape the pipe like this: \| to search for Dansk, Norsk and Svenska.

  2. Assumes that one line has only one language.

Walkthrough: http://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/howto-use-grep-command-in-linux-unix/

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You can use: 

grep -l Dansk * | xargs grep -l Norsk | xargs grep -l Svenska

If you want also to find in hidden files:

grep -l Dansk .* | xargs grep -l Norsk | xargs grep -l Svenska
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awk '/Dansk/{a=1}/Norsk/{b=1}/Svenska/{c=1}END{ if (a && b && c) print "0" }'

you can then catch the return value with the shell

if you have Ruby(1.9+)

ruby -0777 -ne 'print if /Dansk/ and /Norsk/ and /Svenka/' file
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Yet another way using just bash and grep:

For a single file 'test.txt':

grep -q Dansk test.txt && grep -q Norsk test.txt && grep -l Svenska test.txt

Will print test.txt iff the file contains all three (in any combination). The first two greps don't print anything (-q) and the last only prints the file if the other two have passed.

If you want to do it for every file in the directory:

for f in *; do grep -q Dansk $f && grep -q Norsk $f && grep -l Svenska $f; done
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Expanding on @kurumi's awk answer, here's a bash function:

all_word_search() {
gawk '
BEGIN {
for (i=ARGC-2; i>=1; i--) {
search_terms[ARGV[i]] = 0;
ARGV[i] = ARGV[i+1];
delete ARGV[i+1];
}
}
{
for (i=1;i<=NF; i++)
if ($i in search_terms)
search_terms[$1] = 1
}
END {
for (word in search_terms)
if (search_terms[word] == 0)
exit 1
}
' "$@"
return $?
}

Usage:

if all_word_search Dansk Norsk Svenska filename; then
echo "all words found"
else
echo "not all words found"
fi
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This is a blending of glenn jackman's and kurumi's answers which allows an arbitrary number of regexes instead of an arbitrary number of fixed words or a fixed set of regexes.

#!/usr/bin/awk -f
# by Dennis Williamson - 2011-01-25


BEGIN {
for (i=ARGC-2; i>=1; i--) {
patterns[ARGV[i]] = 0;
delete ARGV[i];
}
}


{
for (p in patterns)
if ($0 ~ p)
matches[p] = 1
# print    # the matching line could be printed
}


END {
for (p in patterns) {
if (matches[p] != 1)
exit 1
}
}

Run it like this:

./multigrep.awk Dansk Norsk Svenska 'Language: .. - A.*c' dvdfile.dat
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Here's what worked well for me:

find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -exec gawk '/Dansk/{a=1}/Norsk/{b=1}/Svenska/{c=1}END{ if (a && b && c) print FILENAME }' {} \;
./path/to/file1.sh
./another/path/to/file2.txt
./blah/foo.php

If I just wanted to find .sh files with these three, then I could have used:

find . -path '*/.svn' -prune -o -type f -name "*.sh" -exec gawk '/Dansk/{a=1}/Norsk/{b=1}/Svenska/{c=1}END{ if (a && b && c) print FILENAME }' {} \;
./path/to/file1.sh
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I did that with two steps. Make a list of csv files in one file With a help of this page comments I made two scriptless steps to get what I needed. Just type into terminal:

$ find /csv/file/dir -name '*.csv' > csv_list.txt
$ grep -q Svenska `cat csv_list.txt` && grep -q Norsk `cat csv_list.txt` && grep -l Dansk `cat csv_list.txt`

it did exactly what I needed - print file names containing all three words.

Also mind the symbols like `' "

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grep –irl word1 * | grep –il word2 `cat -` | grep –il word3 `cat -`
  • -i makes search case insensitive
  • -r makes file search recursive through folders
  • -l pipes the list of files with the word found
  • cat - causes the next grep to look through the files passed to it list.
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If you only need two search terms, arguably the most readable approach is to run each search and intersect the results:

 comm -12 <(grep -rl word1 . | sort) <(grep -rl word2 . | sort)
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You can do this really easily with ack:

ack -l 'cats' | ack -xl 'dogs'
  • -l: return a list of files
  • -x: take the files from STDIN (the previous search) and only search those files

And you can just keep piping until you get just the files you want.

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Simply:

grep 'word1\|word2\|word3' *

see this post for more info

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I had this problem today, and all one-liners here failed to me because the files contained spaces in the names.

This is what I came up with that worked:

grep -ril <WORD1> | sed 's/.*/"&"/' | xargs grep -il <WORD2>
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This searches multiple words in multiple files:

egrep 'abc|xyz' file1 file2 ..filen
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If you have git installed

git grep -l --all-match --no-index -e Dansk -e Norsk -e Svenska

The --no-index searches files in the current directory that is not managed by Git. So this command will work in any directory irrespective of whether it is a git repository or not.

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A simple one-liner in bash for an arbitrary list LIST for file my_file.txt can be:

LIST="Dansk Norsk Svenska"
EVAL=$(echo "$LIST" | sed 's/[^ ]* */grep -q & my_file.txt \&\& /g'); eval "$EVAL echo yes || echo no"

Replacing eval with echo reveals, that the following command is evaluated:

grep -q Dansk  my_file.txt && grep -q Norsk  my_file.txt && grep -q Svenska my_file.txt &&  echo yes || echo no

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