在 mongoDb 中，如何通过索引删除数组元素？

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最佳答案

There is no straight way of pulling/removing by array index. In fact, this is an open issue http://jira.mongodb.org/browse/SERVER-1014 , you may vote for it.

The workaround is using $unset and then $pull:

db.lists.update({}, {$unset : {"interests.3" : 1 }})
db.lists.update({}, {$pull : {"interests" : null}})

Update: as mentioned in some of the comments this approach is not atomic and can cause some race conditions if other clients read and/or write between the two operations. If we need the operation to be atomic, we could:

Read the document from the database
Update the document and remove the item in the array
Replace the document in the database. To ensure the document has not changed since we read it, we can use the update if current pattern described in the mongo docs

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You can use $pull modifier of update operation for removing a particular element in an array. In case you provided a query will look like this:

db.people.update({"name":"dannie"}, {'$pull': {"interests": "guitar"}})

Also, you may consider using $pullAll for removing all occurrences. More about this on the official documentation page - http://www.mongodb.org/display/DOCS/Updating#Updating-%24pull

This doesn't use index as a criteria for removing an element, but still might help in cases similar to yours. IMO, using indexes for addressing elements inside an array is not very reliable since mongodb isn't consistent on an elements order as fas as I know.

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I would recommend using a GUID (I tend to use ObjectID) field, or an auto-incrementing field for each sub-document in the array.

With this GUID it is easy to issue a $pull and be sure that the correct one will be pulled. Same goes for other array operations.

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Rather than using the unset (as in the accepted answer), I solve this by setting the field to a unique value (i.e. not NULL) and then immediately pulling that value. A little safer from an asynch perspective. Here is the code:

    var update = {};
var key = "ToBePulled_"+ new Date().toString();
update['feedback.'+index] = key;
Venues.update(venueId, {$set: update});
return Venues.update(venueId, {$pull: {feedback: key}});

Hopefully mongo will address this, perhaps by extending the $position modifier to support $pull as well as $push.

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For people who are searching an answer using mongoose with nodejs. This is how I do it.

exports.deletePregunta = function (req, res) {
let codTest = req.params.tCodigo;
let indexPregunta = req.body.pregunta; // the index that come from frontend
let inPregunta = `tPreguntas.0.pregunta.${indexPregunta}`; // my field in my db
let inOpciones = `tPreguntas.0.opciones.${indexPregunta}`; // my other field in my db
let inTipo = `tPreguntas.0.tipo.${indexPregunta}`; // my  other field in my db


Test.findOneAndUpdate({ tCodigo: codTest },
{
'$unset': {
[inPregunta]: 1, // put the field with []
[inOpciones]: 1,
[inTipo]: 1
}
}).then(()=>{
Test.findOneAndUpdate({ tCodigo: codTest }, {
'$pull': {
'tPreguntas.0.pregunta': null,
'tPreguntas.0.opciones': null,
'tPreguntas.0.tipo': null
}
}).then(testModificado => {
if (!testModificado) {
res.status(404).send({ accion: 'deletePregunta', message: 'No se ha podido borrar esa pregunta ' });
} else {
res.status(200).send({ accion: 'deletePregunta', message: 'Pregunta borrada correctamente' });
}
})}).catch(err => { res.status(500).send({ accion: 'deletePregunta', message: 'error en la base de datos ' + err }); });
}

I can rewrite this answer if it dont understand very well, but I think is okay.

Hope this help you, I lost a lot of time facing this issue.

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Starting in Mongo 4.4, the $function aggregation operator allows applying a custom javascript function to implement behaviour not supported by the MongoDB Query Language.

For instance, in order to update an array by removing an element at a given index:

// { "name": "dannie", "interests": ["guitar", "programming", "gadgets", "reading"] }
db.collection.update(
{ "name": "dannie" },
[{ $set:
{ "interests":
{ $function: {
body: function(interests) { interests.splice(2, 1); return interests; },
args: ["$interests"],
lang: "js"
}}
}
}]
)
// { "name": "dannie", "interests": ["guitar", "programming", "reading"] }

$function takes 3 parameters:

body, which is the function to apply, whose parameter is the array to modify. The function here simply consists in using splice to remove 1 element at index 2.
args, which contains the fields from the record that the body function takes as parameter. In our case "$interests".
lang, which is the language in which the body function is written. Only js is currently available.

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in Mongodb 4.2 you can do this:

db.example.update({}, [
{$set: {field: {
$concatArrays: [
{$slice: ["$field", P]},
{$slice: ["$field", {$add: [1, P]}, {$size: "$field"}]}
]
}}}
]);

P is the index of element you want to remove from array.

If you want to remove from P till end:

db.example.update({}, [
{ $set: { field: { $slice: ["$field", 1] } } },
]);

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It is little bit late but some may find it useful who are using robo3t-

db.getCollection('people').update(
{"name":"dannie"},
{ $pull:
{
interests: "guitar" // you can change value to
}
},
{ multi: true }
);

If you have values something like -

property: [
{
"key" : "key1",
"value" : "value 1"
},
{
"key" : "key2",
"value" : "value 2"
},
{
"key" : "key3",
"value" : "value 3"
}
]

and you want to delete a record where the key is key3 then you can use something -

 db.getCollection('people').update(
{"name":"dannie"},
{ $pull:
{
property: { key: "key3"} // you can change value to
}
},
{ multi: true }
);

The same goes for the nested property.

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this can be done using $pop operator,
db.getCollection('collection_name').updateOne( {}, {$pop: {"path_to_array_object":1}})