不能打开 lib‘ ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server’? 系统链接问题？

当我尝试使用 pyodbc (在 mac 上)连接到 sql 服务器数据库时:

import pyodbc


server = '####'
database = '####'
username = '####@####'
password = '#####'
driver='{ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server}'


pyodbc.connect('DRIVER='+driver+';SERVER='+server+';PORT=1443;DATABASE='+database+';UID='+username+';PWD='+password)

我得到以下错误:

错误: (’01000’，“[01000][ unixODBC ][驱动程序管理器]无法打开库‘ ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server’: file not found (0)(SQLDriverConnect)”)

当我路径在实际的驱动程序位置:

driver='/usr/local/lib/libmsodbcsql.13.dylib'

起作用了！

我的 odbcinst.ini是这样的:

[ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server]
Description=Microsoft ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server
Driver=/usr/local/lib/libmsodbcsql.13.dylib
UsageCount=1

我怎样才能让我的参考 driver='{ODBC Driver 13 for SQL Server}'再次开始工作？

我最初使用 这本指南来安装驱动程序，现在我在 Mac Sierra 上使用水蟒，如果这有帮助的话？

144623 次浏览
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最佳答案

Running: 

odbcinst -j

It yielded: 

unixODBC 2.3.4
DRIVERS............: /etc/odbcinst.ini
SYSTEM DATA SOURCES: /etc/odbc.ini
FILE DATA SOURCES..: /etc/ODBCDataSources
USER DATA SOURCES..: /Users/emehex/.odbc.ini
SQLULEN Size.......: 8
SQLLEN Size........: 8
SQLSETPOSIROW Size.: 8

Instead of copying the files to the /etc/ directory (not sure why unixODBC thought they were there) I created a symbolic link to each file:

sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini /etc/odbcinst.ini
sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini /etc/odbc.ini

This solved the problem.

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In my case, I had to change the pyodbc database driver string to
driver='{ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server}'

actually, in my python code pyodbc was expecting ODBC Driver 13 but, as the ODBC Driver version was updated (because of ubuntu update) to current version ODBC Driver 17, the problem had occurred.

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In my case, I have a Mac OS and the following commands fixed the problem:

brew tap microsoft/mssql-release https://github.com/Microsoft/homebrew-mssql-release
brew update
brew install msodbcsql mssql-tools

Note 1: It might be necessary that you need to install unixodbc in advance to msodbcsql and mssql-tools as the following:

brew install unixodbc

Note 2: If you dont have already brew, the Missing Package Manager for macOS, then you can install it from here: https://brew.sh/

Note 3: You can verifiy your installation as @emehex already mentioned above with the following commands:

odbcinst -j


sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini /etc/odbcinst.ini
sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini /etc/odbc.ini
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I have to add that if you are using a different driver (FreeTDS) and in your connection string you omit to mention it, it will default to driver='{ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server} or something like like that.

So the solution is not to forget driver, you DB settings will look like this: 'default': { 'ENGINE': 'sql_server.pyodbc', 'HOST': '127.0.0.1', 'NAME': 'mydb', 'PORT': '1433', 'USER': 'sa', 'PASSWORD': '*****', 'OPTIONS':{ 'driver': 'FreeTDS', 'host_is_server': True, } }

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In my case, I fixed the problem with three steps as follow:

# Step1: install unixodbc
brew install unixodbc


# Step2: install Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server on MacOS


brew tap microsoft/mssql-release https://github.com/Microsoft/homebrew-mssql-release
brew update
brew install msodbcsql mssql-tools


# Step3：verify odbcinst configuration path is correct


odbcinst -j


sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbcinst.ini /etc/odbcinst.ini
sudo ln -s /usr/local/etc/odbc.ini /etc/odbc.ini
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I've tried to establish a connection to a remote MS SQL Server deployed on a (Windows) machine from an external (Linux) machine. It took me some time to realise you need to first install the drivers on the machine that tries establish connection (i.e. Linux in my case)!

If you're using macOS/Linux what you need to do is to simply Install the Microsoft ODBC Driver for SQL Server on Linux and macOS and then follow instructions on Connecting to databases for your particular OS.

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Installation that worked on the Ubuntu 18.04. I'm not sure if two of the ./bash_profile and ./bashrc exports are needed but I didn't have time to check. 

sudo apt-get update
ACCEPT_EULA=Y sudo apt-get -y install msodbcsql17 mssql-tools
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bash_profile \
echo 'export PATH="$PATH:/opt/mssql-tools/bin"' >> ~/.bashrc \
sudo apt-get -y install unixodbc libc6 libstdc++6 libkrb5-3 libcurl3 openssl debconf unixodbc unixodbc-dev

Then as a driver in connection use ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server which is matching the current Azure version.

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curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list >
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
apt-get update
ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install msodbcsql17
apt-get -y install unixodbc-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-pip -y
pip3 install --upgrade pyodbc

Use above steps to istall the odbc driver correctly and everything will fall in place.

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I was building a custom image on top of Python and this is the configuration that made it work:

FROM python:3.8 as pyodbc


COPY . /app
WORKDIR /app


# Required for msodbcsql17 and mssql-tools
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
RUN curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/debian/10/prod.list > /etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
RUN apt-get update


# Key might change in the future, replace with new one on the logs
RUN apt-key adv --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv-keys BA6932366A755776
RUN apt-get update
RUN apt-get install -y software-properties-common
RUN add-apt-repository ppa:deadsnakes/ppa
RUN apt-get update


RUN ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install -y msodbcsql17 mssql-tools
RUN apt-get install unixodbc-dev


RUN pip install pipenv
RUN pipenv install --system --deploy


CMD [ "python" , "__init__.py"]
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I know everyone had the same stupid error ones: but I remind, I spent 30 mins just reading this branch... error was odd space at the end of connection string

     SQLALCHEMY_DATABASE_URI: str = "mssql+pyodbc://sa:tt@localhost:1433/babylon_pacemaker?Trusted_connection = no&driver=ODBC+Driver+17+for+SQL+Server " - odd space :(

Funny that Alembic works well, but SQLAlchimy has an error.

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I was struggling with a similar issue.

Firstly, I was following this instruction:

I thought the error was in that I used driver 17 and not driver 13 - as per the connection string visible in the Azure Portal.

After playing around with it for a long time, getting this error for driver 13: " pyodbc.Error: ('01000', "[01000] [unixODBC][Driver Manager]Can't open lib '/usr/local/lib/libmsodbcsql.13.dylib' : file not found (0) (SQLDriverConnect)") "

and getting a timeout error for driver 17.

I finally found the solution in this hack. The problem was OpenSSL where two versions confused up.

I'm running the app in a vertual environment in VS Code on my Mac and deploying it to Azure Web App.

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I simply built image top of python:3.7-alpine

FROM python:3.7-alpine


COPY . /app/.
WORKDIR /app


# Install curl
RUN apk add --no-cache curl
RUN apk update && apk add curl


# Install the Microsoft ODBC driver Linux.Follow the mssql documentation: https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/sql/connect/odbc/linux-mac/installing-the-microsoft-odbc-driver-for-sql-server?view=sql-server-ver15
RUN curl -O https://download.microsoft.com/download/e/4/e/e4e67866-dffd-428c-aac7-8d28ddafb39b/msodbcsql17_17.8.1.1-1_amd64.apk
RUN curl -O https://download.microsoft.com/download/e/4/e/e4e67866-dffd-428c-aac7-8d28ddafb39b/mssql-tools_17.8.1.1-1_amd64.apk


# Install the package(s)
RUN apk add --allow-untrusted msodbcsql17_17.8.1.1-1_amd64.apk
RUN apk add --allow-untrusted mssql-tools_17.8.1.1-1_amd64.apk


# Install other libs
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt


RUN apk add python3 python3-dev g++ unixodbc-dev
RUN python3 -m ensurepip
RUN pip3 install --user pyodbc


# Run script
ENTRYPOINT [ "python", "-u", "run.py"]

When setting connection inside the code, you need to specify the driver version that you've installed. For instance in my case:msdobcversion=17 so driver should be DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server}

# Make connection
server = os.environ["server"]
database = os.environ["database"]
username = os.environ["UID"]
password = os.environ["PWD"]
cnxn = pyodbc.connect('DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server};SERVER='+server+';DATABASE='+database+';UID='+username+';PWD='+ password)
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Thank you Uzzal your solution solved my problem:

Blockquote In my case, I had to change the pyodbc database driver string to driver='{ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server}' actually, in my python code pyodbc was expecting ODBC Driver 13 but, as the ODBC Driver version was updated (because of ubuntu update) to current version ODBC Driver 17, the problem had occurred.

https://stackoverflow.com/a/48849351/7694643

It's work for me. I've added it as env. variable:

enter image description here

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In my case after running below commands with sudo user, i used DRIVER={ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server}, which resolved my problem.

curl https://packages.microsoft.com/keys/microsoft.asc | apt-key add -
curl https://packages.microsoft.com/config/ubuntu/16.04/prod.list >
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/mssql-release.list
apt-get update
ACCEPT_EULA=Y apt-get install msodbcsql17
apt-get -y install unixodbc-dev
sudo apt-get install python3-pip -y
pip3 install --upgrade pyodbc
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Users on Arch Linux can install specific packages from the AUR

1. aur/msodbcsql17 17.10.1.1-1 (+3 0.66)
Microsoft® ODBC Driver 17 for SQL Server®


2. aur/msodbcsql 18.0.1.1-1 (+24 0.38)
Microsoft® ODBC Driver 18 for SQL Server®

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