“找不到 jpeg 的头文件或库文件”在 Alpine Linux 上安装 Pillow

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have you seen this QA? Fail during installation of Pillow (Python module) in Linux

they say you have to update your pip and install libjpeg-dev.

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Have you try to create a requirements.txt and insert this in Dockerfile:

    RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install build-essential g++ flex bison gperf ruby perl \
mysql-client \
libsqlite3-dev libmysqlclient-dev libfontconfig1-dev libicu-dev libfreetype6 libssl-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev python libx11-dev libxext-dev -y
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED 1
RUN mkdir /code
WORKDIR /code
ADD requirements.txt /code/
COPY . /code
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt
ADD . /code/

example of requirements.txt

Django==1.9.7
django-appconf==1.0.1
django-filer==1.2.5
django-filter==0.15.0
django-grappelli==2.8.1
django-image-cropping==1.0.3
django-mptt==0.8.6
django-nested-admin==3.0.10
django-nested-inline==0.3.6
django-polymorphic==0.8.1
django-taggit==0.21.2
django-tinymce==2.4.0
dnspython==1.15.0
easy-thumbnails==2.3
enum34==1.1.2
funcsigs==0.4
idna==2.1
ipaddress==1.0.17
mercurial==3.7.3
mock==1.3.0
mysql-python
ndg-httpsclient==0.4.2
parsedatetime==2.1
pbr==1.8.0
Pillow==3.3.1
psutil==3.4.2
pyasn1==0.1.9
PyICU==1.9.2
pyOpenSSL==16.1.0
pyRFC3339==1.0
python-augeas==0.5.0
python-monkey-business==1.0.0
python2-pythondialog==3.3.0
pytz==2014.10
requests==2.11.1
six==1.10.0
Unidecode==0.4.19
urllib3==1.16
zope.component==4.2.2
zope.event==4.2.0
zope.hookable==4.0.4
zope.interface==4.1.3

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最佳答案

In a comment that appears to have been deleted later, someone pointed me to https://github.com/python-pillow/Pillow/blob/c05099f45c0d94a2a98c3609a96bdb6cf7446627/depends/alpine_Dockerfile. Based on that Dockerfile I modified my own as follows:

FROM python:alpine
RUN apk --update add libxml2-dev libxslt-dev libffi-dev gcc musl-dev libgcc openssl-dev curl
RUN apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev freetype-dev lcms2-dev openjpeg-dev tiff-dev tk-dev tcl-dev
RUN pip install Pillow

Now it builds successfully.

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For debian

sudo apt install libjpeg-dev zlib1g-dev
pip install Pillow

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Just adding "RUN apk add jpeg-dev" to Dockerfile fixed the problem for me.

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I ran into this problem with docker image python:3.6-alpine I solved it by adding these packages apk add jpeg-dev zlib-dev.

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If you're missing libjpeg.so package in runtime, try this (alpine linux):

apk add --no-cache jpeg

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Just in case anyone else is still struggling like I was you can see the official alpine Dockerfile for Pillow here: https://github.com/python-pillow/docker-images/blob/master/alpine/Dockerfile#L20

It states the following dependencies:

RUN apk --no-cache add python3 \


...


# Pillow dependencies
jpeg-dev \
zlib-dev \
freetype-dev \
lcms2-dev \
openjpeg-dev \
tiff-dev \
tk-dev \
tcl-dev \
harfbuzz-dev \
fribidi-dev

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In short, this helps:

RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libsqlite3-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev

Detailed:

I have the same error with python:3.8-slim-buster image. Solution presented by @pierangelo-orizio worked for me, but I just cleaned it to a minimal required packages list. So here is my Dockerfile:

FROM python:3.8-slim-buster


RUN apt-get update -qq && apt-get install -y build-essential libsqlite3-dev \
libpng-dev libjpeg-dev


COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --upgrade pip
RUN pip install -r requirements.txt


EXPOSE 8000
VOLUME /usr/src/app
WORKDIR /usr/src/app
CMD python manage.py runserver 0.0.0.0:8000

And requirements.txt:

Django>=2.1,<2.2
wagtail>=2.4,<2.5
django-cors-headers==2.5.3
python-dotenv==0.10.3

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For macOS:

brew install libtiff libjpeg webp little-cms2

Reason: https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

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Run into the same issue on python 3.9. Fixed it by bumping pillow version in requirements.txt to Pillow>=8.0. There's a nice matrix of which pillow version supports which python version here.

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For yum users, this should work:

sudo yum -y install libjpeg-turbo-devel
pip3 install Pillow