ALTER TABLE DROP 列失败，因为一个或多个对象访问此列

You must remove the constraints from the column before removing the column. The name you are referencing is a default constraint.

e.g.

alter table CompanyTransactions drop constraint [df__CompanyTr__Creat__0cdae408];
alter table CompanyTransactions drop column [Created];

The @SqlZim's answer is correct but just to explain why this possibly have happened. I've had similar issue and this was caused by very innocent thing: adding default value to a column

ALTER TABLE MySchema.MyTable ADD
MyColumn int DEFAULT NULL;

But in the realm of MS SQL Server a default value on a colum is a CONSTRAINT. And like every constraint it has an identifier. And you cannot drop a column if it is used in a CONSTRAINT.

So what you can actually do avoid this kind of problems is always give your default constraints a explicit name, for example:

ALTER TABLE MySchema.MyTable ADD
MyColumn int NULL,
CONSTRAINT DF_MyTable_MyColumn DEFAULT NULL FOR MyColumn;

You'll still have to drop the constraint before dropping the column, but you will at least know its name up front.

As already written in answers you need to drop constraints (created automatically by sql) related to all columns that you are trying to delete.

Perform followings steps to do the needful.

1. Get Name of all Constraints using sp_helpconstraint which is a system stored procedure utility - execute following exec sp_helpconstraint '<your table name>'
2. Once you get the name of the constraint then copy that constraint name and execute next statement i.e alter table <your_table_name> drop constraint <constraint_name_that_you_copied_in_1> (It'll be something like this only or similar format)
3. Once you delete the constraint then you can delete 1 or more columns by using conventional method i.e Alter table <YourTableName> Drop column column1, column2 etc

When you alter column datatype you need to change constraint key for every database

  alter table CompanyTransactions drop constraint [df__CompanyTr__Creat__0cdae408];

You need to do a few things:

1. You first need to check if the constrain exits in the information schema
2. then you need to query by joining the sys.default_constraints and sys.columns if the columns and default_constraints have the same object ids
3. When you join in step 2, you would get the constraint name from default_constraints. You drop that constraint. Here is an example of one such drops I did.

-- 1. Remove constraint and drop column
IF EXISTS(SELECT *
FROM INFORMATION_SCHEMA.COLUMNS
WHERE TABLE_NAME = N'TABLE_NAME'
AND COLUMN_NAME = N'LOWER_LIMIT')
BEGIN
DECLARE @sql NVARCHAR(MAX)
WHILE 1=1
BEGIN
SELECT TOP 1 @sql = N'alter table [TABLE_NAME] drop constraint ['+dc.name+N']'
FROM sys.default_constraints dc
JOIN sys.columns c
ON c.default_object_id = dc.object_id
WHERE dc.parent_object_id = OBJECT_ID('[TABLE_NAME]') AND c.name = N'LOWER_LIMIT'
IF @@ROWCOUNT = 0
BEGIN
PRINT 'DELETED Constraint on column LOWER_LIMIT'
BREAK
END
EXEC (@sql)
END;
ALTER TABLE TABLE_NAME DROP COLUMN LOWER_LIMIT;
PRINT 'DELETED column LOWER_LIMIT'
END
ELSE
PRINT 'Column LOWER_LIMIT does not exist'
GO

In addition to accepted answer, if you're using Entity Migrations for updating database, you should add this line at the beggining of the Up() function in your migration file:

Sql("alter table dbo.CompanyTransactions drop constraint [df__CompanyTr__Creat__0cdae408];");

You can find the constraint name in the error at nuget packet manager console which starts with FK_dbo.

I had the same problem and this was the script that worked for me with a table with a two part name separated by a period ".".

USE [DATABASENAME] GO ALTER TABLE [TableNamePart1].[TableNamePart2] DROP CONSTRAINT [DF__ TableNamePart1D__ColumnName__5AEE82B9] GO ALTER TABLE [TableNamePart1].[ TableNamePart1] DROP COLUMN [ColumnName] GO

I needed to replace an INT primary key with a Guid. After a few failed attempts, the EF code below worked for me. If you hyst set the defaultValue... you end up with a single Guid a the key for existing records.

protected override void Up(MigrationBuilder migrationBuilder)
{
migrationBuilder.DropUniqueConstraint("PK_Payments", "Payments");


migrationBuilder.DropColumn(
name: "PaymentId",
table: "Payments");


migrationBuilder.AddColumn<Guid>(
name: "PaymentId",
table: "Payments",
type: "uniqueidentifier",
defaultValueSql: "NewId()",
nullable: false);
}

Copy the default constraint name from the error message and type it in the same way as the column you want to delete.