int main() {
// This declares a lambda, which can be called just like a function
auto print_message = [](std::string message)
{
std::cout << message << "\n";
};
// Prints "Hello!" 10 times
for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
print_message("Hello!");
}
}
int main() {
int i = 0;
// Captures i by reference; increments it by one
auto addOne = [&] () {
i++;
};
while(i < 10) {
addOne(); //Add 1 to i
std::cout << i << "\n";
}
}
#include <functional>
#include <iostream>
int main(){
int x = 1;
std::function<void()> lambda1 = [=](){
std::cout << x << std::endl;
};
std::function<void()> lambda2 = [&](){
std::cout << x << std::endl;
};
x = 2;
lambda1(); //Prints 1 since that was the value of x when it was captured and x was captured by value with [=]
lambda2(); //Prints 2 since that's the current value of x and x was captured by reference with [&]
std::function<void()> lambda3 = [](){}, lambda4 = [](){}; //I prefer to initialize these since calling an uninitialized lambda is undefined behavior.
//[](){} is the empty lambda.
{
int y = 3; //y will be deleted from the memory at the end of this scope
lambda3 = [=](){
std::cout << y << endl;
};
lambda4 = [&](){
std::cout << y << endl;
};
}
lambda3(); //Prints 3, since that's the value y had when it was captured
lambda4(); //Causes the program to crash, since y was captured by reference and y doesn't exist anymore.
//This is a bit like if you had a pointer to y which now points nowhere because y has been deleted from the memory.
//This is why you should be careful when capturing by reference.
return 0;
}
#include <functional>
int main(){
int x = 4, y = 5;
std::function<void(int)> myLambda = [y](int z){
int xSquare = x * x; //Compiler error because x wasn't captured
int ySquare = y * y; //OK because y was captured
int zSquare = z * z; //OK because z is an argument of the lambda
};
return 0;
}
#include <functional>
int main(){
int x = 3, y = 5;
std::function<void()> myLambda = [x, &y](){
x = 2; //Compiler error because x is captured by value and so it's of type const int inside the lambda
y = 2; //OK because y is captured by reference
};
x = 2; //This is of course OK because we're not inside the lambda
return 0;
}
另外,调用未初始化的lambdas是未定义的行为,通常会导致程序崩溃。例如,永远不要这样做:
std::function<void()> lambda;
lambda(); //Undefined behavior because lambda is uninitialized
例子
下面是你想在你的问题中使用lambdas做的代码:
#include <functional> //Don't forget this, otherwise you won't be able to use the std::function type
int main(){
std::function<void()> a = [](){
// code
}
a();
return 0;
}
下面是一个更高级的lambda示例:
#include <functional> //For std::function
#include <iostream> //For std::cout
int main(){
int x = 4;
std::function<float(int)> divideByX = [x](int y){
return (float)y / (float)x; //x is a captured variable, y is an argument
}
std::cout << divideByX(3) << std::endl; //Prints 0.75
return 0;
}