如何检查Python脚本的语法而不执行它?

你可以使用这些工具:

• PyChecker
• Pyflakes
• Pylint

import sys
filename = sys.argv[1]
source = open(filename, 'r').read() + '\n'
compile(source, filename, 'exec')

保存为checker.py并运行python checker.py yourpyfile.py。

你可以通过编译来检查语法:

python -m py_compile script.py

也许有用的在线检查PEP8: http://pep8online.com/

出于某种原因(我是一个py新手…)-m调用没有工作…

这里有一个bash包装器函数…

# ---------------------------------------------------------
# check the python synax for all the *.py files under the
# <<product_version_dir/sfw/python
# ---------------------------------------------------------
doCheckPythonSyntax(){


doLog "DEBUG START doCheckPythonSyntax"


test -z "$sleep_interval" || sleep "$sleep_interval"
cd $product_version_dir/sfw/python
# python3 -m compileall "$product_version_dir/sfw/python"


# foreach *.py file ...
while read -r f ; do \


py_name_ext=$(basename $f)
py_name=${py_name_ext%.*}


doLog "python3 -c \"import $py_name\""
# doLog "python3 -m py_compile $f"


python3 -c "import $py_name"
# python3 -m py_compile "$f"
test $! -ne 0 && sleep 5


done < <(find "$product_version_dir/sfw/python" -type f -name "*.py")


doLog "DEBUG STOP  doCheckPythonSyntax"
}
# eof func doCheckPythonSyntax

下面是另一个解决方案，使用ast模块:

python -c "import ast; ast.parse(open('programfile').read())"

要在Python脚本中干净地执行:

import ast, traceback


filename = 'programfile'
with open(filename) as f:
source = f.read()
valid = True
try:
ast.parse(source)
except SyntaxError:
valid = False
traceback.print_exc()  # Remove to silence any errros
print(valid)

Pyflakes会做你想做的，它只是检查语法。从文档中可以看出:

Pyflakes做出了一个简单的承诺:它永远不会抱怨风格，并且会非常非常努力地避免出现误报。

Pyflakes也比Pylint或Pychecker快。这主要是因为Pyflakes只单独检查每个文件的语法树。

安装和使用:

$ pip install pyflakes
$ pyflakes yourPyFile.py

多亏了上面的答案@Rosh Oxymoron。我改进了脚本，以扫描一个目录下的所有python文件。对于我们这些懒惰的人来说，只要给它目录它就会扫描该目录中所有python文件。你可以指定任何你喜欢的文件分机。

import sys
import glob, os


os.chdir(sys.argv[1])
for file in glob.glob("*.py"):
source = open(file, 'r').read() + '\n'
compile(source, file, 'exec')

Save this as checker.py and run python checker.py ~/YOURDirectoryTOCHECK

python -m compileall -q .

将递归编译当前目录下的所有内容，并只打印错误。

$ python -m compileall --help
usage: compileall.py [-h] [-l] [-r RECURSION] [-f] [-q] [-b] [-d DESTDIR] [-x REGEXP] [-i FILE] [-j WORKERS] [--invalidation-mode {checked-hash,timestamp,unchecked-hash}] [FILE|DIR [FILE|DIR ...]]


Utilities to support installing Python libraries.


positional arguments:
FILE|DIR              zero or more file and directory names to compile; if no arguments given, defaults to the equivalent of -l sys.path


optional arguments:
-h, --help            show this help message and exit
-l                    don't recurse into subdirectories
-r RECURSION          control the maximum recursion level. if `-l` and `-r` options are specified, then `-r` takes precedence.
-f                    force rebuild even if timestamps are up to date
-q                    output only error messages; -qq will suppress the error messages as well.
-b                    use legacy (pre-PEP3147) compiled file locations
-d DESTDIR            directory to prepend to file paths for use in compile-time tracebacks and in runtime tracebacks in cases where the source file is unavailable
-x REGEXP             skip files matching the regular expression; the regexp is searched for in the full path of each file considered for compilation
-i FILE               add all the files and directories listed in FILE to the list considered for compilation; if "-", names are read from stdin
-j WORKERS, --workers WORKERS
Run compileall concurrently
--invalidation-mode {checked-hash,timestamp,unchecked-hash}
set .pyc invalidation mode; defaults to "checked-hash" if the SOURCE_DATE_EPOCH environment variable is set, and "timestamp" otherwise.

当发现语法错误时，退出值为1。

谢谢C2H5OH。