向 SQLDeveloper 添加新连接时未显示 OracleTNS 名称

我试图用 SQL 开发人员连接到 Oracle 数据库。

我已经安装了.Net Oracle 驱动程序，并将 tnsnames.ora文件放在
C:\Oracle\product\11.1.0\client_1\Network\Admin

我在 tnsnames.ora 中使用以下格式:

dev =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = 192.168.XXX.XXX)(PORT = XXXX))
(CONNECT_DATA =
(SERVER = DEDICATED)
(SERVICE_NAME = idpdev2)
)
)

在 SQLDeveloper 中，当我尝试创建新连接时，没有 TNS 名称显示为选项。

有什么我不知道的吗？

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最佳答案

SQL Developer will look in the following location in this order for a tnsnames.ora file

  1. $HOME/.tnsnames.ora
  2. $TNS_ADMIN/tnsnames.ora
  3. TNS_ADMIN lookup key in the registry
  4. /etc/tnsnames.ora ( non-windows )
  5. $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
  6. LocalMachine\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORACLE_HOME_KEY
  7. LocalMachine\SOFTWARE\ORACLE\ORACLE_HOME

To see which one SQL Developer is using, issue the command show tns in the worksheet

If your tnsnames.ora file is not getting recognized, use the following procedure:

  1. Define an environmental variable called TNS_ADMIN to point to the folder that contains your tnsnames.ora file.

    In Windows, this is done by navigating to Control Panel > System > Advanced system settings > Environment Variables...

    In Linux, define the TNS_ADMIN variable in the .profile file in your home directory.

  2. Confirm the os is recognizing this environmental variable

    From the Windows command line: echo %TNS_ADMIN%

    From linux: echo $TNS_ADMIN

  3. Restart SQL Developer

  4. Now in SQL Developer right click on Connections and select New Connection.... Select TNS as connection type in the drop down box. Your entries from tnsnames.ora should now display here.
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You can always find out the location of the tnsnames.ora file being used by running TNSPING to check connectivity (9i or later):

C:\>tnsping dev


TNS Ping Utility for 32-bit Windows: Version 10.2.0.1.0 - Production on 08-JAN-2009 12:48:38


Copyright (c) 1997, 2005, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


Used parameter files:
C:\oracle\product\10.2.0\client_1\NETWORK\ADMIN\sqlnet.ora




Used TNSNAMES adapter to resolve the alias
Attempting to contact (DESCRIPTION = (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = XXX)(PORT = 1521)) (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = DEV)))
OK (30 msec)


C:\>

Sometimes, the problem is with the entry you made in tnsnames.ora, not that the system can't find it. That said, I agree that having a tns_admin environment variable set is a Good Thing, since it avoids the inevitable issues that arise with determining exactly which tnsnames file is being used in systems with multiple oracle homes.

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The steps mentioned by Jason are very good and should work. There is a little twist with SQL Developer, though. It caches the connection specifications (host, service name, port) the first time it reads the tnsnames.ora file. Then, it does not invalidate the specs when the original entry is removed from the tnsname.ora file. The cache persists even after SQL Developer has been terminated and restarted. This is not such an illogical way of handling the situation. Even if a tnsnames.ora file is temporarily unavailable, SQL Developer can still make the connection as long as the original specifications are still true. The problem comes with their next little twist. SQL Developer treats service names in the tnsnames.ora file as case-sensitive values when resolving the connection. So if you used to have an entry name ABCD.world in the file and you replaced it with an new entry named abcd.world, SQL Developer would NOT update its connection specs for ABCD.world - it will treat abcd.world as a different connection altogether. Why am I not surprised that an Oracle product would treat as case-sensitive the contents of an oracle-developed file format that is expressly case-insensitive?

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Open SQL Developer. Go to Tools -> Preferences -> Databases -> Advanced Then explicitly set the Tnsnames Directory

My TNSNAMES was set up correctly and I could connect to Toad, SQL*Plus etc. but I needed to do this to get SQL Developer to work. Perhaps it was a Win 7 issue as it was a pain to install too.

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In Sql Developer, navidate to Tools->preferences->Datababae->advanced->Set Tnsname directory to the directory containing tnsnames.ora

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In SQLDeveloper browse Tools --> Preferences, as shown in below image.

enter image description here

In the Preferences options expand Database --> select Advanced --> under "Tnsnames Directory" --> Browse the directory where tnsnames.ora present.
Then click on Ok.
as shown in below diagram.

enter image description here

You have Done!

Now you can connect via the TNSnames options.

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None of the above changes made any difference in my case. I could run TNS_PING in the command window but SQL Developer couldn't figure out where tnsnames.ora was.

The issue in my case (Windows 7 - 64 bit - Enterprise ) was that the Oracle installer pointed the Start menu shortcut to the wrong version of SQL Developer. There appear to be three SQL Developer instances that accompany the installer. One is in %ORACLE_HOME%\client_1\sqldeveloper\ and two are in %ORACLE_HOME%\client_1\sqldeveloper\bin\ .

The installer installed a start menu shortcut that pointed at a version in the bin directory that simply did not function. It would ask for a password every time I started SQL Developer, not remember choices I had made and displayed a blank list when I chose TNS as the connection mechanism. It also does not have the TNS Directory field in the Database advanced settings referenced in other posts.

I tossed the old Start shortcut and installed a shortcut to %ORACLE_HOME%\client_1\sqldeveloper\sqldeveloper.exe . That change fixed the problem in my case.

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At windows I must add permision "READ & execure" for:

  • folder c:\oracle\TNS_ADMIN
  • file c:\oracle\TNS_ADMIN\tnsnames.ora

of course the Windows see:

C:\>set TNS
TNS_ADMIN=c:\oracle\TNS_ADMIN

and now SQL Developer see TNS on list.


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