I 想用一些特殊的规则等待Task< T>完成:
如果在X毫秒后还没有完成,我希望向用户显示一条消息。
如果在Y毫秒后还没有完成,I 想要自动请求取消.
I 可以使用的任务。ContinueWith来异步等待任务完成(即计划在任务完成时执行一个动作),但不允许指定超时。
我可以使用的任务。等待来同步等待任务超时完成,但这会阻塞我的线程。
我如何异步等待任务超时完成?< / p >
const int x = 3000;
const int y = 1000;
static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Your scheduler
TaskScheduler scheduler = TaskScheduler.Default;
Task nonblockingTask = new Task(() =>
{
CancellationTokenSource source = new CancellationTokenSource();
Task t1 = new Task(() =>
{
while (true)
{
// Do something
if (source.IsCancellationRequested)
break;
}
}, source.Token);
t1.Start(scheduler);
// Wait for task 1
bool firstTimeout = t1.Wait(x);
if (!firstTimeout)
{
// If it hasn't finished at first timeout display message
Console.WriteLine("Message to user: the operation hasn't completed yet.");
bool secondTimeout = t1.Wait(y);
if (!secondTimeout)
{
source.Cancel();
Console.WriteLine("Operation stopped!");
}
}
});
nonblockingTask.Start();
Console.WriteLine("Do whatever you want...");
Console.ReadLine();
}
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace ConsoleApplication1
{
class Program
{
private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var token = cts.Token;
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
// Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
});
var messageTimer = new Timer(state =>
{
// Display message at first timeout
Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
}, null, xDelay, -1);
var cancelTimer = new Timer(state =>
{
// Display message and cancel task at second timeout
Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
cts.Cancel();
}
, null, yDelay, -1);
task.ContinueWith(t =>
{
// Dispose the timers when the task completes
// This will prevent the message from being displayed
// if the task completes before the timeout
messageTimer.Dispose();
cancelTimer.Dispose();
});
return task;
}
static void Main(string[] args)
{
var task = CreateTaskWithTimeout(1000, 2000, 2500);
// The task has been started and will display a message after
// one timeout and then cancel itself after the second
// You can add continuations to the task
// or wait for the result as needed
try
{
task.Wait();
Console.WriteLine("Done waiting for task");
}
catch (AggregateException ex)
{
Console.WriteLine("Error waiting for task:");
foreach (var e in ex.InnerExceptions)
{
Console.WriteLine(e);
}
}
}
}
}
private static Task CreateTaskWithTimeout(
int xDelay, int yDelay, int taskDelay)
{
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var token = cts.Token;
var task = Task.Factory.StartNew(() =>
{
// Do some work, but fail if cancellation was requested
token.WaitHandle.WaitOne(taskDelay);
token.ThrowIfCancellationRequested();
Console.WriteLine("Task complete");
});
var timerCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var messageTask = TaskEx.Delay(xDelay, timerCts.Token);
messageTask.ContinueWith(t =>
{
// Display message at first timeout
Console.WriteLine("X milliseconds elapsed");
}, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);
var cancelTask = TaskEx.Delay(yDelay, timerCts.Token);
cancelTask.ContinueWith(t =>
{
// Display message and cancel task at second timeout
Console.WriteLine("Y milliseconds elapsed");
cts.Cancel();
}, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnRanToCompletion);
task.ContinueWith(t =>
{
timerCts.Cancel();
});
return task;
}
int timeout = 1000;
var task = SomeOperationAsync(cancellationToken);
if (await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout, cancellationToken)) == task)
{
// Task completed within timeout.
// Consider that the task may have faulted or been canceled.
// We re-await the task so that any exceptions/cancellation is rethrown.
await task;
}
else
{
// timeout/cancellation logic
}
public static async Task<TResult> TimeoutAfter<TResult>(this Task<TResult> task, TimeSpan timeout) {
using (var timeoutCancellationTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource()) {
var completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout, timeoutCancellationTokenSource.Token));
if (completedTask == task) {
timeoutCancellationTokenSource.Cancel();
return await task; // Very important in order to propagate exceptions
} else {
throw new TimeoutException("The operation has timed out.");
}
}
}
// Throws a TimeoutException if MyFunc takes more than 1 second
int x = TimeoutAfter(MyFunc, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
这段代码需要。net 4.5。
using System;
using System.Threading;
using System.Threading.Tasks;
namespace TaskTimeout
{
public static class Program
{
/// <summary>
/// Demo of how to wrap any function in a timeout.
/// </summary>
private static void Main(string[] args)
{
// Version without timeout.
int a = MyFunc();
Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", a);
// Version with timeout.
int b = TimeoutAfter(() => { return MyFunc(); },TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", b);
// Version with timeout (short version that uses method groups).
int c = TimeoutAfter(MyFunc, TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", c);
// Version that lets you see what happens when a timeout occurs.
try
{
int d = TimeoutAfter(
() =>
{
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(123));
return 42;
},
TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", d);
}
catch (TimeoutException e)
{
Console.Write("Exception: {0}\n", e.Message);
}
// Version that works on tasks.
var task = Task.Run(() =>
{
Thread.Sleep(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(1));
return 42;
});
// To use async/await, add "await" and remove "GetAwaiter().GetResult()".
var result = task.TimeoutAfterAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(2)).
GetAwaiter().GetResult();
Console.Write("Result: {0}\n", result);
Console.Write("[any key to exit]");
Console.ReadKey();
}
public static int MyFunc()
{
return 42;
}
public static TResult TimeoutAfter<TResult>(
this Func<TResult> func, TimeSpan timeout)
{
var task = Task.Run(func);
return TimeoutAfterAsync(task, timeout).GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
private static async Task<TResult> TimeoutAfterAsync<TResult>(
this Task<TResult> task, TimeSpan timeout)
{
var result = await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeout));
if (result == task)
{
// Task completed within timeout.
return task.GetAwaiter().GetResult();
}
else
{
// Task timed out.
throw new TimeoutException();
}
}
}
}
TestScheduler scheduler = new TestScheduler();
Task task = Task.Run(() =>
{
int i = 0;
while (i < 5)
{
Console.WriteLine(i);
i++;
Thread.Sleep(1000);
}
})
.TimeoutAfter(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5), scheduler)
.ContinueWith(t => { }, TaskContinuationOptions.OnlyOnFaulted);
scheduler.AdvanceBy(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(6).Ticks);
您可能需要以下命名空间:
using System.Threading.Tasks;
using System.Reactive.Subjects;
using System.Reactive.Linq;
using System.Reactive.Threading.Tasks;
using Microsoft.Reactive.Testing;
using System.Threading;
using System.Reactive.Concurrency;
public static async Task<bool> BeforeTimeout(this Task task, int millisecondsTimeout)
{
if (task.IsCompleted) return true;
if (millisecondsTimeout == 0) return false;
if (millisecondsTimeout == Timeout.Infinite)
{
await Task.WhenAll(task);
return true;
}
var tcs = new TaskCompletionSource<object>();
using (var timer = new Timer(state => ((TaskCompletionSource<object>)state).TrySetCanceled(), tcs,
millisecondsTimeout, Timeout.Infinite))
{
return await Task.WhenAny(task, tcs.Task) == task;
}
}
一个示例用例如下:
var receivingTask = conn.ReceiveAsync(ct);
while (!await receivingTask.BeforeTimeout(keepAliveMilliseconds))
{
// Send keep-alive
}
// Read and do something with data
var data = await receivingTask;
public static async Task<bool> TimedOutAsync(this Task task, int timeoutMilliseconds)
{
if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0 || (timeoutMilliseconds > 0 && timeoutMilliseconds < 100)) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); }
if (timeoutMilliseconds == 0) {
return !task.IsCompleted; // timed out if not completed
}
var cts = new CancellationTokenSource();
if (await Task.WhenAny( task, Task.Delay(timeoutMilliseconds, cts.Token)) == task) {
cts.Cancel(); // task completed, get rid of timer
await task; // test for exceptions or task cancellation
return false; // did not timeout
} else {
return true; // did timeout
}
}
If you want to start a work task and cancel the work if the timeout occurs:
public static async Task<T> CancelAfterAsync<T>( this Func<CancellationToken,Task<T>> actionAsync, int timeoutMilliseconds)
{
if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0 || (timeoutMilliseconds > 0 && timeoutMilliseconds < 100)) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); }
var taskCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
var timerCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
Task<T> task = actionAsync(taskCts.Token);
if (await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeoutMilliseconds, timerCts.Token)) == task) {
timerCts.Cancel(); // task completed, get rid of timer
} else {
taskCts.Cancel(); // timer completed, get rid of task
}
return await task; // test for exceptions or task cancellation
}
If you have a task already created that you want to cancel if a timeout occurs:
public static async Task<T> CancelAfterAsync<T>(this Task<T> task, int timeoutMilliseconds, CancellationTokenSource taskCts)
{
if (timeoutMilliseconds < 0 || (timeoutMilliseconds > 0 && timeoutMilliseconds < 100)) { throw new ArgumentOutOfRangeException(); }
var timerCts = new CancellationTokenSource();
if (await Task.WhenAny(task, Task.Delay(timeoutMilliseconds, timerCts.Token)) == task) {
timerCts.Cancel(); // task completed, get rid of timer
} else {
taskCts.Cancel(); // timer completed, get rid of task
}
return await task; // test for exceptions or task cancellation
}
Another comment, these versions will cancel the timer if the timeout does not occur, so multiple calls will not cause timers to pile up.
async Task<TResult> CancelAfterAsync<TResult>(
Func<CancellationToken, Task<TResult>> startTask,
TimeSpan timeout, CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
using (var timeoutCancellation = new CancellationTokenSource())
using (var combinedCancellation = CancellationTokenSource
.CreateLinkedTokenSource(cancellationToken, timeoutCancellation.Token))
{
var originalTask = startTask(combinedCancellation.Token);
var delayTask = Task.Delay(timeout, timeoutCancellation.Token);
var completedTask = await Task.WhenAny(originalTask, delayTask);
// Cancel timeout to stop either task:
// - Either the original task completed, so we need to cancel the delay task.
// - Or the timeout expired, so we need to cancel the original task.
// Canceling will not affect a task, that is already completed.
timeoutCancellation.Cancel();
if (completedTask == originalTask)
{
// original task completed
return await originalTask;
}
else
{
// timeout
throw new TimeoutException();
}
}
}
使用
InnerCallAsync可能需要很长时间才能完成。CallAsync用一个超时来包装它。
async Task<int> CallAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
var timeout = TimeSpan.FromMinutes(1);
int result = await CancelAfterAsync(ct => InnerCallAsync(ct), timeout,
cancellationToken);
return result;
}
async Task<int> InnerCallAsync(CancellationToken cancellationToken)
{
return 42;
}
... Other method code not relevant to the question.
// a token source that will timeout at the specified interval, or if cancelled outside of this scope
using var timeoutTokenSource = new CancellationTokenSource(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(5));
using var linkedTokenSource = CancellationTokenSource.CreateLinkedTokenSource(token, timeoutTokenSource.Token);
async Task<MessageResource> FetchAsync()
{
try
{
return await MessageResource.FetchAsync(m.Sid);
} catch (TaskCanceledException e)
{
if (timeoutTokenSource.IsCancellationRequested)
throw new TimeoutException("Timeout", e);
throw;
}
}
return await Task.Run(FetchAsync, linkedTokenSource.Token);
// Using TimeSpan
await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10));
// Using CancellationToken
await myTask.WaitAsync(cancellationToken);
// Using both TimeSpan and CancellationToken
await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), cancellationToken);
try
{
await myTask.WaitAsync(TimeSpan.FromSeconds(10), cancellationToken);
}
catch (TaskCanceledException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Task didn't get finished before the `CancellationToken`");
}
catch (TimeoutException)
{
Console.WriteLine("Task didn't get finished before the `TimeSpan`");
}