JSON 对象必须是 str、 byte 或 bytearray，而不是 dict

json.loads take a string as input and returns a dictionary as output.

json.dumps take a dictionary as input and returns a string as output.

With json.loads({"('Hello',)": 6, "('Hi',)": 5}),

You are calling json.loads with a dictionary as input.

You can fix it as follows (though I'm not quite sure what's the point of that):

d1 = {"('Hello',)": 6, "('Hi',)": 5}
s1 = json.dumps(d1)
d2 = json.loads(s1)

You are passing a dictionary to a function that expects a string.

This syntax:

{"('Hello',)": 6, "('Hi',)": 5}

is both a valid Python dictionary literal and a valid JSON object literal. But loads doesn't take a dictionary; it takes a string, which it then interprets as JSON and returns the result as a dictionary (or string or array or number, depending on the JSON, but usually a dictionary).

If you pass this string to loads:

'''{"('Hello',)": 6, "('Hi',)": 5}'''

then it will return a dictionary that looks a lot like the one you are trying to pass to it.

You could also exploit the similarity of JSON object literals to Python dictionary literals by doing this:

json.loads(str({"('Hello',)": 6, "('Hi',)": 5}))

But in either case you would just get back the dictionary that you're passing in, so I'm not sure what it would accomplish. What's your goal?

import json
data = json.load(open('/Users/laxmanjeergal/Desktop/json.json'))
jtopy=json.dumps(data) #json.dumps take a dictionary as input and returns a string as output.
dict_json=json.loads(jtopy) # json.loads take a string as input and returns a dictionary as output.
print(dict_json["shipments"])

json.dumps() is used to decode JSON data

import json


# initialize different data
str_data = 'normal string'
int_data = 1
float_data = 1.50
list_data = [str_data, int_data, float_data]
nested_list = [int_data, float_data, list_data]
dictionary = {
'int': int_data,
'str': str_data,
'float': float_data,
'list': list_data,
'nested list': nested_list
}


# convert them to JSON data and then print it
print('String :', json.dumps(str_data))
print('Integer :', json.dumps(int_data))
print('Float :', json.dumps(float_data))
print('List :', json.dumps(list_data))
print('Nested List :', json.dumps(nested_list, indent=4))
print('Dictionary :', json.dumps(dictionary, indent=4))  # the json data will be indented

output:

String : "normal string"
Integer : 1
Float : 1.5
List : ["normal string", 1, 1.5]
Nested List : [
1,
1.5,
[
"normal string",
1,
1.5
]
]
Dictionary : {
"int": 1,
"str": "normal string",
"float": 1.5,
"list": [
"normal string",
1,
1.5
],
"nested list": [
1,
1.5,
[
"normal string",
1,
1.5
]
]
}

• Python Object to JSON Data Conversion

|                 Python                 |  JSON  |
|:--------------------------------------:|:------:|
|                  dict                  | object |
|               list, tuple              |  array |
|                   str                  | string |
| int, float, int- & float-derived Enums | number |
|                  True                  |  true  |
|                  False                 |  false |
|                  None                  |  null  |

json.loads() is used to convert JSON data into Python data.

import json


# initialize different JSON data
arrayJson = '[1, 1.5, ["normal string", 1, 1.5]]'
objectJson = '{"a":1, "b":1.5 , "c":["normal string", 1, 1.5]}'


# convert them to Python Data
list_data = json.loads(arrayJson)
dictionary = json.loads(objectJson)


print('arrayJson to list_data :\n', list_data)
print('\nAccessing the list data :')
print('list_data[2:] =', list_data[2:])
print('list_data[:1] =', list_data[:1])


print('\nobjectJson to dictionary :\n', dictionary)
print('\nAccessing the dictionary :')
print('dictionary[\'a\'] =', dictionary['a'])
print('dictionary[\'c\'] =', dictionary['c'])

output:

arrayJson to list_data :
[1, 1.5, ['normal string', 1, 1.5]]


Accessing the list data :
list_data[2:] = [['normal string', 1, 1.5]]
list_data[:1] = [1]


objectJson to dictionary :
{'a': 1, 'b': 1.5, 'c': ['normal string', 1, 1.5]}


Accessing the dictionary :
dictionary['a'] = 1
dictionary['c'] = ['normal string', 1, 1.5]

• JSON Data to Python Object Conversion

|      JSON     | Python |
|:-------------:|:------:|
|     object    |  dict  |
|     array     |  list  |
|     string    |   str  |
|  number (int) |   int  |
| number (real) |  float |
|      true     |  True  |
|     false     |  False |

Hey I recently faced this issue while reading the JSON file directly. Just putting it out here if anyone faces this issue while reading json file and then parsing it:

jsonfile = open('path/to/file.json','r')
json_data = json.load(jsonfile)

Notice that I used load() instead of loads().

I got this error while working with Django REST framework. I used the PostgreSQL materialized view built using native function json_build_object. The error disappeared when I switched to the function jsonb_build_object.