Neural network always predicts the same class
I'm trying to implement a neural network that classifies images into one of the two discrete categories. The problem is, however, that it currently always predicts 0 for any input and I'm not really sure why.
Here's my feature extraction method:
def extract(file):
# Resize and subtract mean pixel
img = cv2.resize(cv2.imread(file), (224, 224)).astype(np.float32)
img[:, :, 0] -= 103.939
img[:, :, 1] -= 116.779
img[:, :, 2] -= 123.68
# Normalize features
img = (img.flatten() - np.mean(img)) / np.std(img)
return np.array([img])
Here's my gradient descent routine:
def fit(x, y, t1, t2):
"""Training routine"""
ils = x.shape[1] if len(x.shape) > 1 else 1
labels = len(set(y))
if t1 is None or t2 is None:
t1 = randweights(ils, 10)
t2 = randweights(10, labels)
params = np.concatenate([t1.reshape(-1), t2.reshape(-1)])
res = grad(params, ils, 10, labels, x, y)
params -= 0.1 * res
return unpack(params, ils, 10, labels)
Here are my forward and back(gradient) propagations:
def forward(x, theta1, theta2):
"""Forward propagation"""
m = x.shape[0]
# Forward prop
a1 = np.vstack((np.ones([1, m]), x.T))
z2 = np.dot(theta1, a1)
a2 = np.vstack((np.ones([1, m]), sigmoid(z2)))
a3 = sigmoid(np.dot(theta2, a2))
return (a1, a2, a3, z2, m)
def grad(params, ils, hls, labels, x, Y, lmbda=0.01):
"""Compute gradient for hypothesis Theta"""
theta1, theta2 = unpack(params, ils, hls, labels)
a1, a2, a3, z2, m = forward(x, theta1, theta2)
d3 = a3 - Y.T
print('Current error: {}'.format(np.mean(np.abs(d3))))
d2 = np.dot(theta2.T, d3) * (np.vstack([np.ones([1, m]), sigmoid_prime(z2)]))
d3 = d3.T
d2 = d2[1:, :].T
t1_grad = np.dot(d2.T, a1.T)
t2_grad = np.dot(d3.T, a2.T)
theta1[0] = np.zeros([1, theta1.shape[1]])
theta2[0] = np.zeros([1, theta2.shape[1]])
t1_grad = t1_grad + (lmbda / m) * theta1
t2_grad = t2_grad + (lmbda / m) * theta2
return np.concatenate([t1_grad.reshape(-1), t2_grad.reshape(-1)])
And here's my prediction function:
def predict(theta1, theta2, x):
"""Predict output using learned weights"""
m = x.shape[0]
h1 = sigmoid(np.hstack((np.ones([m, 1]), x)).dot(theta1.T))
h2 = sigmoid(np.hstack((np.ones([m, 1]), h1)).dot(theta2.T))
return h2.argmax(axis=1)
I can see that the error rate is gradually decreasing with each iteration, generally converging somewhere around 1.26e-05.
What I've tried so far:
- PCA
- Different datasets (Iris from sklearn and handwritten numbers from Coursera ML course, achieving about 95% accuracy on both). However, both of those were processed in a batch, so I can assume that my general implementation is correct, but there is something wrong with either how I extract features, or how I train the classifier.
- Tried sklearn's SGDClassifier and it didn't perform much better, giving me a ~50% accuracy. So something wrong with the features, then?
Edit: An average output of h2 looks like the following:
[0.5004899 0.45264441]
[0.50048522 0.47439413]
[0.50049019 0.46557124]
[0.50049261 0.45297816]
So, very similar sigmoid outputs for all validation examples.
最佳答案