如何比较两个字符串在点分开的版本格式在Bash?

是否有任何方法在bash上比较这样的字符串，例如:2.4.5和2.8和2.4.5.1?

132344 次浏览
小开

可能没有普遍正确的方法来实现这一点。如果您正在尝试比较Debian包系统中的版本，请尝试dpkg --compare-versions <first> <relation> <second>.

小开

GNU排序有一个选项:

printf '2.4.5\n2.8\n2.4.5.1\n' | sort -V

给:

2.4.5
2.4.5.1
2.8
小开

你可以递归地在.上进行分割并进行比较，如下所示的算法，取自在这里。如果版本相同则返回10，如果版本1大于版本2则返回11，否则返回9。

#!/bin/bash
do_version_check() {


[ "$1" == "$2" ] && return 10


ver1front=`echo $1 | cut -d "." -f -1`
ver1back=`echo $1 | cut -d "." -f 2-`


ver2front=`echo $2 | cut -d "." -f -1`
ver2back=`echo $2 | cut -d "." -f 2-`


if [ "$ver1front" != "$1" ] || [ "$ver2front" != "$2" ]; then
[ "$ver1front" -gt "$ver2front" ] && return 11
[ "$ver1front" -lt "$ver2front" ] && return 9


[ "$ver1front" == "$1" ] || [ -z "$ver1back" ] && ver1back=0
[ "$ver2front" == "$2" ] || [ -z "$ver2back" ] && ver2back=0
do_version_check "$ver1back" "$ver2back"
return $?
else
[ "$1" -gt "$2" ] && return 11 || return 9
fi
}


do_version_check "$1" "$2"

Source .

小开

如果你有coreutils-7 (Ubuntu Karmic，而不是Jaunty)，那么你的sort命令应该有一个-V选项(版本排序)，你可以用它来进行比较:

verlte() {
[  "$1" = "`echo -e "$1\n$2" | sort -V | head -n1`" ]
}


verlt() {
[ "$1" = "$2" ] && return 1 || verlte $1 $2
}


verlte 2.5.7 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
verlt 2.4.10 2.4.9 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
verlt 2.4.8 2.4.10 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # yes
verlte 2.5.6 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # yes
verlt 2.5.6 2.5.6 && echo "yes" || echo "no" # no
小开
最佳答案

下面是一个不需要任何外部工具的纯Bash版本:

#!/bin/bash
vercomp () {
if [[ $1 == $2 ]]
then
return 0
fi
local IFS=.
local i ver1=($1) ver2=($2)
# fill empty fields in ver1 with zeros
for ((i=${#ver1[@]}; i<${#ver2[@]}; i++))
do
ver1[i]=0
done
for ((i=0; i<${#ver1[@]}; i++))
do
if [[ -z ${ver2[i]} ]]
then
# fill empty fields in ver2 with zeros
ver2[i]=0
fi
if ((10#${ver1[i]} > 10#${ver2[i]}))
then
return 1
fi
if ((10#${ver1[i]} < 10#${ver2[i]}))
then
return 2
fi
done
return 0
}


testvercomp () {
vercomp $1 $2
case $? in
0) op='=';;
1) op='>';;
2) op='<';;
esac
if [[ $op != $3 ]]
then
echo "FAIL: Expected '$3', Actual '$op', Arg1 '$1', Arg2 '$2'"
else
echo "Pass: '$1 $op $2'"
fi
}


# Run tests
# argument table format:
# testarg1   testarg2     expected_relationship
echo "The following tests should pass"
while read -r test
do
testvercomp $test
done << EOF
1            1            =
2.1          2.2          <
3.0.4.10     3.0.4.2      >
4.08         4.08.01      <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2          >
3.2          3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2          2.1          <
2.1          1.2          >
5.6.7        5.6.7        =
1.01.1       1.1.1        =
1.1.1        1.01.1       =
1            1.0          =
1.0          1            =
1.0.2.0      1.0.2        =
1..0         1.0          =
1.0          1..0         =
EOF


echo "The following test should fail (test the tester)"
testvercomp 1 1 '>'

运行测试:

$ . ./vercomp
The following tests should pass
Pass: '1 = 1'
Pass: '2.1 < 2.2'
Pass: '3.0.4.10 > 3.0.4.2'
Pass: '4.08 < 4.08.01'
Pass: '3.2.1.9.8144 > 3.2'
Pass: '3.2 < 3.2.1.9.8144'
Pass: '1.2 < 2.1'
Pass: '2.1 > 1.2'
Pass: '5.6.7 = 5.6.7'
Pass: '1.01.1 = 1.1.1'
Pass: '1.1.1 = 1.01.1'
Pass: '1 = 1.0'
Pass: '1.0 = 1'
Pass: '1.0.2.0 = 1.0.2'
Pass: '1..0 = 1.0'
Pass: '1.0 = 1..0'
The following test should fail (test the tester)
FAIL: Expected '>', Actual '=', Arg1 '1', Arg2 '1'
小开

对于旧版本/busybox sort。简单的形式提供了粗略的结果，往往奏效。

sort -n

这是特别有用的版本，其中包含alpha符号，如

10.c.3
10.a.4
2.b.5
小开

我遇到并解决了这个问题，添加了一个额外的(更短更简单的)答案…

首先注意，扩展shell比较失败了，你可能已经知道了…

    if [[ 1.2.0 < 1.12.12 ]]; then echo true; else echo false; fi
false

使用sort -t'。'-g(或者kanaka提到的sort -V)来排序版本和简单的bash字符串比较，我找到了一个解决方案。输入文件包含列3和列4中的版本，我想对它们进行比较。这将遍历列表，确定匹配项或其中一个大于另一个。希望这仍然可以帮助那些希望使用bash尽可能简单地做到这一点的人。

while read l
do
#Field 3 contains version on left to compare (change -f3 to required column).
kf=$(echo $l | cut -d ' ' -f3)
#Field 4 contains version on right to compare (change -f4 to required column).
mp=$(echo $l | cut -d ' ' -f4)


echo 'kf = '$kf
echo 'mp = '$mp


#To compare versions m.m.m the two can be listed and sorted with a . separator and the greater version found.
gv=$(echo -e $kf'\n'$mp | sort -t'.' -g | tail -n 1)


if [ $kf = $mp ]; then
echo 'Match Found: '$l
elif [ $kf = $gv ]; then
echo 'Karaf feature file version is greater '$l
elif [ $mp = $gv ]; then
echo 'Maven pom file version is greater '$l
else
echo 'Comparison error '$l
fi
done < features_and_pom_versions.tmp.txt
感谢Barry的博客提供了排序的想法… 裁判:http://bkhome.org/blog/?viewDetailed=02199 < / p >
小开 
### the answer is does we second argument is higher
function _ver_higher {
ver=`echo -ne "$1\n$2" |sort -Vr |head -n1`
if [ "$2" == "$1" ]; then
return 1
elif [ "$2" == "$ver" ]; then
return 0
else
return 1
fi
}


if _ver_higher $1 $2; then
echo higher
else
echo same or less
fi

它非常简单和小。

小开

这个怎么样?似乎有用?

checkVersion() {
subVer1=$1
subVer2=$2


[ "$subVer1" == "$subVer2" ] && echo "Version is same"
echo "Version 1 is $subVer1"
testVer1=$subVer1
echo "Test version 1 is $testVer1"
x=0
while [[ $testVer1 != "" ]]
do
((x++))
testVer1=`echo $subVer1|cut -d "." -f $x`
echo "testVer1 now is $testVer1"
testVer2=`echo $subVer2|cut -d "." -f $x`
echo "testVer2 now is $testVer2"
if [[ $testVer1 -gt $testVer2 ]]
then
echo "$ver1 is greater than $ver2"
break
elif [[ "$testVer2" -gt "$testVer1" ]]
then
echo "$ver2 is greater than $ver1"
break
fi
echo "This is the sub verion for first value $testVer1"
echo "This is the sub verion for second value $testVer2"
done
}


ver1=$1
ver2=$2
checkVersion "$ver1" "$ver2"
小开

如果你知道字段的数量，你可以用-k,n,n，得到一个超级简单的解

echo '2.4.5
2.8
2.4.5.1
2.10.2' | sort -t '.' -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -k 4,4 -g


2.4.5
2.4.5.1
2.8
2.10.2
小开

这里是另一个没有任何外部调用的纯bash解决方案:

#!/bin/bash


function version_compare {


IFS='.' read -ra ver1 <<< "$1"
IFS='.' read -ra ver2 <<< "$2"


[[ ${#ver1[@]} -gt ${#ver2[@]} ]] && till=${#ver1[@]} || till=${#ver2[@]}


for ((i=0; i<${till}; i++)); do


local num1; local num2;


[[ -z ${ver1[i]} ]] && num1=0 || num1=${ver1[i]}
[[ -z ${ver2[i]} ]] && num2=0 || num2=${ver2[i]}


if [[ $num1 -gt $num2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $num1 -lt $num2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi
done


echo "="; return 0
}


echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"

还有更简单的解决方案，如果你确定所讨论的版本在第一个点后不包含前导零:

#!/bin/bash


function version_compare {


local ver1=${1//.}
local ver2=${2//.}




if [[ $ver1 -gt $ver2 ]]; then
echo ">"; return 0
elif
[[ $ver1 -lt $ver2 ]]; then
echo "<"; return 0
fi


echo "="; return 0
}


echo "${1} $(version_compare "${1}" "${2}") ${2}"
这将适用于像1.2.3 vs 1.3.1 vs 0.9.7这样的东西，但不适用于 1.2.3 vs 1.2.3.0 or 1.01.1 vs 1.1.1

小开

感谢Dennis的解决方案，我们可以扩展它以允许比较运算符'>'，'<'， '='， '=='， '<='和'>='。

# compver ver1 '=|==|>|<|>=|<=' ver2
compver() {
local op
vercomp $1 $3
case $? in
0) op='=';;
1) op='>';;
2) op='<';;
esac
[[ $2 == *$op* ]] && return 0 || return 1
}

然后我们可以在表达式中使用比较运算符，比如:

compver 1.7 '<=' 1.8
compver 1.7 '==' 1.7
compver 1.7 '=' 1.7

并且只测试结果的真/假，比如:

if compver $ver1 '>' $ver2; then
echo "Newer"
fi
小开

这在版本中最多为4个字段。

$ function ver { printf "%03d%03d%03d%03d" $(echo "$1" | tr '.' ' '); }
$ [ $(ver 10.9) -lt $(ver 10.10) ] && echo hello
hello
小开

我使用嵌入式Linux (Yocto)与BusyBox。BusyBox sort没有-V选项(但是BusyBox expr match可以做正则表达式)。所以我需要一个Bash版本的比较，它适用于这个约束。

我做了以下(类似于丹尼斯·威廉姆森的回答是)比较使用“自然排序”类型的算法。它将字符串分成数字部分和非数字部分;它以数字方式比较数字部分(因此10大于9)，并以纯ASCII方式比较非数字部分。

ascii_frag() {
expr match "$1" "\([^[:digit:]]*\)"
}


ascii_remainder() {
expr match "$1" "[^[:digit:]]*\(.*\)"
}


numeric_frag() {
expr match "$1" "\([[:digit:]]*\)"
}


numeric_remainder() {
expr match "$1" "[[:digit:]]*\(.*\)"
}


vercomp_debug() {
OUT="$1"
#echo "${OUT}"
}


# return 1 for $1 > $2
# return 2 for $1 < $2
# return 0 for equal
vercomp() {
local WORK1="$1"
local WORK2="$2"
local NUM1="", NUM2="", ASCII1="", ASCII2=""
while true; do
vercomp_debug "ASCII compare"
ASCII1=`ascii_frag "${WORK1}"`
ASCII2=`ascii_frag "${WORK2}"`
WORK1=`ascii_remainder "${WORK1}"`
WORK2=`ascii_remainder "${WORK2}"`
vercomp_debug "\"${ASCII1}\" remainder \"${WORK1}\""
vercomp_debug "\"${ASCII2}\" remainder \"${WORK2}\""


if [ "${ASCII1}" \> "${ASCII2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "ascii ${ASCII1} > ${ASCII2}"
return 1
elif [ "${ASCII1}" \< "${ASCII2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "ascii ${ASCII1} < ${ASCII2}"
return 2
fi
vercomp_debug "--------"


vercomp_debug "Numeric compare"
NUM1=`numeric_frag "${WORK1}"`
NUM2=`numeric_frag "${WORK2}"`
WORK1=`numeric_remainder "${WORK1}"`
WORK2=`numeric_remainder "${WORK2}"`
vercomp_debug "\"${NUM1}\" remainder \"${WORK1}\""
vercomp_debug "\"${NUM2}\" remainder \"${WORK2}\""


if [ -z "${NUM1}" -a -z "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "blank 1 and blank 2 equal"
return 0
elif [ -z "${NUM1}" -a -n "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "blank 1 less than non-blank 2"
return 2
elif [ -n "${NUM1}" -a -z "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "non-blank 1 greater than blank 2"
return 1
fi


if [ "${NUM1}" -gt "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "num ${NUM1} > ${NUM2}"
return 1
elif [ "${NUM1}" -lt "${NUM2}" ]; then
vercomp_debug "num ${NUM1} < ${NUM2}"
return 2
fi
vercomp_debug "--------"
done
}

它可以比较更复杂的版本号，例如

  • 1.2-r3与1.2-r4
  • 1.2rc3与1.2r4

注意，对于丹尼斯·威廉姆森的回答是中的某些极端情况，它不会返回相同的结果。特别是:

1            1.0          <
1.0          1            >
1.0.2.0      1.0.2        >
1..0         1.0          >
1.0          1..0         <

但这些都是极端情况，我认为结果仍然是合理的。

小开

如果它正要知道一个版本是否比另一个版本低，我会检查sort --version-sort是否改变了我的版本字符串的顺序:

    string="$1
$2"
[ "$string" == "$(sort --version-sort <<< "$string")" ]
小开

下面是另一个纯bash版本，比公认的答案要小得多。它只检查版本是否小于或等于“最小版本”，并且它将按字典顺序检查字母数字序列，这通常会给出错误的结果(举个常见的例子，“snapshot”不晚于“release”)。它将工作的主要/次要。

is_number() {
case "$BASH_VERSION" in
3.1.*)
PATTERN='\^\[0-9\]+\$'
;;
*)
PATTERN='^[0-9]+$'
;;
esac


[[ "$1" =~ $PATTERN ]]
}


min_version() {
if [[ $# != 2 ]]
then
echo "Usage: min_version current minimum"
return
fi


A="${1%%.*}"
B="${2%%.*}"


if [[ "$A" != "$1" && "$B" != "$2" && "$A" == "$B" ]]
then
min_version "${1#*.}" "${2#*.}"
else
if is_number "$A" && is_number "$B"
then
[[ "$A" -ge "$B" ]]
else
[[ ! "$A" < "$B" ]]
fi
fi
}
小开 
function version { echo "$@" | awk -F. '{ printf("%d%03d%03d%03d\n", $1,$2,$3,$4); }'; }

这样用:

if [ $(version $VAR) -ge $(version "6.2.0") ]; then
echo "Version is up to date"
fi

(从https://apple.stackexchange.com/a/123408/11374)

小开

我实现了一个函数，返回与Dennis Williamson相同的结果，但使用更少的行数。它最初确实执行了一个完整性检查，导致1..0从他的测试中失败(我认为应该是这种情况)，但他的所有其他测试都通过了这段代码:

#!/bin/bash
version_compare() {
if [[ $1 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ && $2 =~ ^([0-9]+\.?)+$ ]]; then
local l=(${1//./ }) r=(${2//./ }) s=${#l[@]}; [[ ${#r[@]} -gt ${#l[@]} ]] && s=${#r[@]}


for i in $(seq 0 $((s - 1))); do
[[ ${l[$i]} -gt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 1
[[ ${l[$i]} -lt ${r[$i]} ]] && return 2
done


return 0
else
echo "Invalid version number given"
exit 1
fi
}
小开

下面是对上面的答案(Dennis的)的改进，它更简洁，并使用了不同的返回值方案，使它更容易通过一个比较实现<=和>=。它还比较不是[0-9]的第一个字符之后的所有内容。]按字典顺序，所以1.0rc1 <1.0 rc2。

# Compares two tuple-based, dot-delimited version numbers a and b (possibly
# with arbitrary string suffixes). Returns:
# 1 if a<b
# 2 if equal
# 3 if a>b
# Everything after the first character not in [0-9.] is compared
# lexicographically using ASCII ordering if the tuple-based versions are equal.
compare_versions() {
if [[ $1 == "$2" ]]; then
return 2
fi
local IFS=.
local i a=(${1%%[^0-9.]*}) b=(${2%%[^0-9.]*})
local arem=${1#${1%%[^0-9.]*}} brem=${2#${2%%[^0-9.]*}}
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} || i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
done
if [ "$arem" '<' "$brem" ]; then
return 1
elif [ "$arem" '>' "$brem" ]; then
return 3
fi
return 2
}

为了解决@gammazero的评论，一个(我认为)与语义版本兼容的更长的版本是:

# Compares two dot-delimited decimal-element version numbers a and b that may
# also have arbitrary string suffixes. Compatible with semantic versioning, but
# not as strict: comparisons of non-semver strings may have unexpected
# behavior.
#
# Returns:
# 1 if a<b
# 2 if equal
# 3 if a>b
compare_versions() {
local LC_ALL=C


# Optimization
if [[ $1 == "$2" ]]; then
return 2
fi


# Compare numeric release versions. Supports an arbitrary number of numeric
# elements (i.e., not just X.Y.Z) in which unspecified indices are regarded
# as 0.
local aver=${1%%[^0-9.]*} bver=${2%%[^0-9.]*}
local arem=${1#$aver} brem=${2#$bver}
local IFS=.
local i a=($aver) b=($bver)
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} || i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
done


# Remove build metadata before remaining comparison
arem=${arem%%+*}
brem=${brem%%+*}


# Prelease (w/remainder) always older than release (no remainder)
if [ -n "$arem" -a -z "$brem" ]; then
return 1
elif [ -z "$arem" -a -n "$brem" ]; then
return 3
fi


# Otherwise, split by periods and compare individual elements either
# numerically or lexicographically
local a=(${arem#-}) b=(${brem#-})
for ((i=0; i<${#a[@]} && i<${#b[@]}; i++)); do
local anns=${a[i]#${a[i]%%[^0-9]*}} bnns=${b[i]#${b[i]%%[^0-9]*}}
if [ -z "$anns$bnns" ]; then
# Both numeric
if ((10#${a[i]:-0} < 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 1
elif ((10#${a[i]:-0} > 10#${b[i]:-0})); then
return 3
fi
elif [ -z "$anns" ]; then
# Numeric comes before non-numeric
return 1
elif [ -z "$bnns" ]; then
# Numeric comes before non-numeric
return 3
else
# Compare lexicographically
if [[ ${a[i]} < ${b[i]} ]]; then
return 1
elif [[ ${a[i]} > ${b[i]} ]]; then
return 3
fi
fi
done


# Fewer elements is earlier
if (( ${#a[@]} < ${#b[@]} )); then
return 1
elif (( ${#a[@]} > ${#b[@]} )); then
return 3
fi


# Must be equal!
return 2
}
小开

我实现了另一个比较器函数。这个函数有两个特定的要求:(i)我不希望函数通过使用return 1而失败，而是使用echo;(ii)当我们从git存储库中检索版本时，版本“1.0”应该大于“1.0.2”，这意味着“1.0”来自trunk。

function version_compare {
IFS="." read -a v_a <<< "$1"
IFS="." read -a v_b <<< "$2"


while [[ -n "$v_a" || -n "$v_b" ]]; do
[[ -z "$v_a" || "$v_a" -gt "$v_b" ]] && echo 1 && return
[[ -z "$v_b" || "$v_b" -gt "$v_a" ]] && echo -1 && return


v_a=("${v_a[@]:1}")
v_b=("${v_b[@]:1}")
done


echo 0
}

请随意评论并提出改进建议。

小开

另一种方法(@joynes的修改版本)，比较问题
中问到的虚线版本 (即“1.2”，“2.3.4”，“1.0”，“1.10.1”等) 最大数量的位置必须事先知道。该方法期望最多3个版本位置。< / p > 

expr $(printf "$1\n$2" | sort -t '.' -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -g | sed -n 2p) != $2

使用示例:

expr $(printf "1.10.1\n1.7" | sort -t '.' -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -g | sed -n 2p) != "1.7"

返回:1，因为1.10.1大于1.7

expr $(printf "1.10.1\n1.11" | sort -t '.' -k 1,1 -k 2,2 -k 3,3 -g | sed -n 2p) != "1.11"

返回:0，因为1.10.1比1.11低

小开

下面是一个不使用外部命令的简单Bash函数。它适用于包含最多三个数字部分的版本字符串-小于3也是可以的。它可以很容易地扩展为更多。它实现了=、<、<=、>、>=和!=条件。

#!/bin/bash
vercmp() {
version1=$1 version2=$2 condition=$3


IFS=. v1_array=($version1) v2_array=($version2)
v1=$((v1_array[0] * 100 + v1_array[1] * 10 + v1_array[2]))
v2=$((v2_array[0] * 100 + v2_array[1] * 10 + v2_array[2]))
diff=$((v2 - v1))
[[ $condition = '='  ]] && ((diff == 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '!=' ]] && ((diff != 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<'  ]] && ((diff >  0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '<=' ]] && ((diff >= 0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>'  ]] && ((diff <  0)) && return 0
[[ $condition = '>=' ]] && ((diff <= 0)) && return 0
return 1
}

下面是测试:

for tv1 in '*' 1.1.1 2.5.3 7.3.0 0.5.7 10.3.9 8.55.32 0.0.1; do
for tv2 in 3.1.1 1.5.3 4.3.0 0.0.7 0.3.9 11.55.32 10.0.0 '*'; do
for c in '=' '>' '<' '>=' '<=' '!='; do
vercmp "$tv1" "$tv2" "$c" && printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is true" || printf '%s\n' "$tv1 $c $tv2 is false"
done
done
done

测试输出的子集:

<snip>


* >= * is true
* <= * is true
* != * is true
1.1.1 = 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 > 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 < 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 >= 3.1.1 is false
1.1.1 <= 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 != 3.1.1 is true
1.1.1 = 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 > 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 < 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 >= 1.5.3 is false
1.1.1 <= 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 != 1.5.3 is true
1.1.1 = 4.3.0 is false
1.1.1 > 4.3.0 is false


<snip>
小开 
$ for OVFTOOL_VERSION in "4.2.0" "4.2.1" "5.2.0" "3.2.0" "4.1.9" "4.0.1" "4.3.0" "4.5.0" "4.2.1" "30.1.0" "4" "5" "4.1" "4.3"
> do
>   if [ $(echo "$OVFTOOL_VERSION 4.2.0" | tr " " "\n" | sort --version-sort | head -n 1) = 4.2.0 ]; then
>     echo "$OVFTOOL_VERSION is >= 4.2.0";
>   else
>     echo "$OVFTOOL_VERSION is < 4.2.0";
>   fi
> done
4.2.0 is >= 4.2.0
4.2.1 is >= 4.2.0
5.2.0 is >= 4.2.0
3.2.0 is < 4.2.0
4.1.9 is < 4.2.0
4.0.1 is < 4.2.0
4.3.0 is >= 4.2.0
4.5.0 is >= 4.2.0
4.2.1 is >= 4.2.0
30.1.0 is >= 4.2.0
4 is < 4.2.0
5 is >= 4.2.0
4.1 is < 4.2.0
4.3 is >= 4.2.0
小开
  • 函数V -纯bash解决方案，不需要外部实用程序。
  • 支持= == != < <= >和>=(字典)。
  • 可选尾字母比较:1.5a < 1.5b
  • 长度不相等比较:1.6 > 1.5b
  • 从左到右读取:if V 1.5 '<' 1.6; then ...。

& lt; >

# Sample output
# Note: ++ (true) and __ (false) mean that V works correctly.


++ 3.6 '>' 3.5b
__ 2.5.7 '<=' 2.5.6
++ 2.4.10 '<' 2.5.9
__ 3.0002 '>' 3.0003.3
++ 4.0-RC2 '>' 4.0-RC1

& lt; >

function V() # $1-a $2-op $3-$b
# Compare a and b as version strings. Rules:
# R1: a and b : dot-separated sequence of items. Items are numeric. The last item can optionally end with letters, i.e., 2.5 or 2.5a.
# R2: Zeros are automatically inserted to compare the same number of items, i.e., 1.0 < 1.0.1 means 1.0.0 < 1.0.1 => yes.
# R3: op can be '=' '==' '!=' '<' '<=' '>' '>=' (lexicographic).
# R4: Unrestricted number of digits of any item, i.e., 3.0003 > 3.0000004.
# R5: Unrestricted number of items.
{
local a=$1 op=$2 b=$3 al=${1##*.} bl=${3##*.}
while [[ $al =~ ^[[:digit:]] ]]; do al=${al:1}; done
while [[ $bl =~ ^[[:digit:]] ]]; do bl=${bl:1}; done
local ai=${a%$al} bi=${b%$bl}


local ap=${ai//[[:digit:]]} bp=${bi//[[:digit:]]}
ap=${ap//./.0} bp=${bp//./.0}


local w=1 fmt=$a.$b x IFS=.
for x in $fmt; do [ ${#x} -gt $w ] && w=${#x}; done
fmt=${*//[^.]}; fmt=${fmt//./%${w}s}
printf -v a $fmt $ai$bp; printf -v a "%s-%${w}s" $a $al
printf -v b $fmt $bi$ap; printf -v b "%s-%${w}s" $b $bl


case $op in
'<='|'>=' ) [ "$a" ${op:0:1} "$b" ] || [ "$a" = "$b" ] ;;
* )         [ "$a" $op "$b" ] ;;
esac
}

代码解释

1号线:定义局部变量:

  • a， op， b -比较操作数和操作符，即"3.6" > "3.5a"。
  • al， bl——a和b的字母尾部，初始化为尾部项，即“6”和“5a”。

第2、3行:从尾部项目左修剪数字，因此只有字母留下，如果有，即""和"a"。

4号线:右修剪a和b中的字母，只留下数字项的序列作为局部变量ai和bi，即"3.6"和"3.5"。 著名的例子:“4.01 rc2”>“4.01 rc1”收益率ai = " 4.01 " al =“rc2”和bi = " 4.01 "提单= rc1。< / p >

6号线:定义局部变量:

  • ap， bp - ai和bi的零右填充。首先只保留项间点，其中number分别等于a和b的元素数量。

第7行:然后在每个点后面附加“0”来制作填充蒙版。

第9行:局部变量:

  • w -项目宽度
  • fmt - printf格式字符串，待计算
  • x -临时的
  • 使用IFS=. bash将变量值拆分为'.'。

10号线:计算w，最大条目宽度，它将用于对齐条目进行字典比较。在我们的例子中w=2。

第11行:通过将$a.$b中的每个字符替换为%${w}s来创建printf对齐格式，即"3.6" > "3.5a"生成"%2s%2s%2s%2s"。

第12行: "printf -v a"设置变量a的值。这相当于许多编程语言中的a=sprintf(...)。注意这里，通过IFS=的影响。printf的参数拆分为单独的项。

对于a的第一个printf项，将用空格左填充，而从bp追加足够多的“0”项，以确保生成的字符串a可以与类似格式的b进行有意义的比较。

注意，我们将bp -而不是ap附加到ai，因为ap和bp可能有不同的长度，所以这导致a和b具有相同的长度。

对于第二个printf，我们将字母部分al附加到a，并使用足够的填充来进行有意义的比较。现在a已经准备好与b进行比较。

13号线:与第12行相同，但用于b。

第15行:在非内置操作符(<=和>=)和内置操作符之间拆分比较情况。

线16:如果比较运算符为<=，则测试a<b or a=b -分别为>= a<b or a=b

第17行:测试内置比较操作符。

& lt; >

# All tests


function P { printf "$@"; }
function EXPECT { printf "$@"; }
function CODE { awk $BASH_LINENO'==NR{print " "$2,$3,$4}' "$0"; }
P 'Note: ++ (true) and __ (false) mean that V works correctly.\n'


V 2.5    '!='  2.5      && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5    '='   2.5      && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5    '=='  2.5      && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE


V 2.5a   '=='  2.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5a   '<'   2.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5a   '>'   2.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5b   '>'   2.5a     && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5b   '<'   2.5a     && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.5    '<'   3.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5    '>'   3.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.5b   '>'   3.5      && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b   '<'   3.5      && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.6    '<'   3.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.6    '>'   3.5b     && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b   '<'   3.6      && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.5b   '>'   3.6      && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE


V 2.5.7  '<='  2.5.6    && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.10 '<'   2.4.9    && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.10 '<'   2.5.9    && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.4.10 '<'   2.5.9    && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.4.8  '>'   2.4.10   && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 2.5.6  '<='  2.5.6    && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 2.5.6  '>='  2.5.6    && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0    '<'   3.0.3    && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0002 '<'   3.0003.3 && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 3.0002 '>'   3.0003.3 && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.0003.3 '<' 3.0002   && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
V 3.0003.3 '>' 3.0002   && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE


V 4.0-RC2 '>' 4.0-RC1   && P + || P _; EXPECT +; CODE
V 4.0-RC2 '<' 4.0-RC1   && P + || P _; EXPECT _; CODE
小开

你可以使用版本 CLI来检查版本约束

$ version ">=1.0, <2.0" "1.7"
$ go version | version ">=1.9"

Bash脚本示例:

#!/bin/bash


if `version -b ">=9.0.0" "$(gcc --version)"`; then
echo "gcc version satisfies constraints >=9.0.0"
else
echo "gcc version doesn't satisfies constraints >=9.0.0"
fi
小开

这里有一个支持修订的纯Bash解决方案(例如。'1.0-r1')，基于丹尼斯·威廉姆森的回答。可以很容易地修改它以支持'-RC1'之类的东西，或者通过更改正则表达式从更复杂的字符串中提取版本。

有关实现的详细信息，请参考代码内注释和/或启用包含的调试代码:

#!/bin/bash


# Compare two version strings [$1: version string 1 (v1), $2: version string 2 (v2)]
# Return values:
#   0: v1 == v2
#   1: v1 > v2
#   2: v1 < v2
# Based on: https://stackoverflow.com/a/4025065 by Dennis Williamson
function compare_versions() {


# Trivial v1 == v2 test based on string comparison
[[ "$1" == "$2" ]] && return 0


# Local variables
local regex="^(.*)-r([0-9]*)$" va1=() vr1=0 va2=() vr2=0 len i IFS="."


# Split version strings into arrays, extract trailing revisions
if [[ "$1" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va1=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr1=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va1=($1)
fi
if [[ "$2" =~ ${regex} ]]; then
va2=(${BASH_REMATCH[1]})
[[ -n "${BASH_REMATCH[2]}" ]] && vr2=${BASH_REMATCH[2]}
else
va2=($2)
fi


# Bring va1 and va2 to same length by filling empty fields with zeros
(( ${#va1[@]} > ${#va2[@]} )) && len=${#va1[@]} || len=${#va2[@]}
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
[[ -z "${va1[i]}" ]] && va1[i]="0"
[[ -z "${va2[i]}" ]] && va2[i]="0"
done


# Append revisions, increment length
va1+=($vr1)
va2+=($vr2)
len=$((len+1))


# *** DEBUG ***
#echo "TEST: '${va1[@]} (?) ${va2[@]}'"


# Compare version elements, check if v1 > v2 or v1 < v2
for ((i=0; i < len; ++i)); do
if (( 10#${va1[i]} > 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 1
elif (( 10#${va1[i]} < 10#${va2[i]} )); then
return 2
fi
done


# All elements are equal, thus v1 == v2
return 0
}




# ---------- everything below this line is just for testing ----------




# Test compare_versions [$1: version string 1, $2: version string 2, $3: expected result]
function test_compare_versions() {
local op
compare_versions "$1" "$2"
case $? in
0) op="==" ;;
1) op=">" ;;
2) op="<" ;;
esac
if [[ "$op" == "$3" ]]; then
echo -e "\e[1;32mPASS: '$1 $op $2'\e[0m"
else
echo -e "\e[1;31mFAIL: '$1 $3 $2' (result: '$1 $op $2')\e[0m"
fi
}


echo -e "\nThe following tests should pass:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1            1            ==
2.1          2.2          <
3.0.4.10     3.0.4.2      >
4.08         4.08.01      <
3.2.1.9.8144 3.2          >
3.2          3.2.1.9.8144 <
1.2          2.1          <
2.1          1.2          >
5.6.7        5.6.7        ==
1.01.1       1.1.1        ==
1.1.1        1.01.1       ==
1            1.0          ==
1.0          1            ==
1.0.2.0      1.0.2        ==
1..0         1.0          ==
1.0          1..0         ==
1.0-r1       1.0-r3       <
1.0-r9       2.0          <
3.0-r15      3.0-r9       >
...-r1       ...-r2       <
2.0-r1       1.9.8.21-r2  >
1.0          3.8.9.32-r   <
-r           -r3          <
-r3          -r           >
-r3          -r3          ==
-r           -r           ==
0.0-r2       0.0.0.0-r2   ==
1.0.0.0-r2   1.0-r2       ==
0.0.0.1-r7   -r9          >
0.0-r0       0            ==
1.002.0-r6   1.2.0-r7     <
001.001-r2   1.1-r2       ==
5.6.1-r0     5.6.1        ==
EOF


echo -e "\nThe following tests should fail:"
while read -r test; do
test_compare_versions $test
done << EOF
1            1            >
3.0.5-r5     3..5-r5      >
4.9.21-r3    4.8.22-r9    <
1.0-r        1.0-r1       ==
-r           1.0-r        >
-r1          0.0-r1       <
-r2          0-r2         <
EOF
小开

这也是一个pure bash解决方案，因为printf是bash内置的。

function ver()
# Description: use for comparisons of version strings.
# $1  : a version string of form 1.2.3.4
# use: (( $(ver 1.2.3.4) >= $(ver 1.2.3.3) )) && echo "yes" || echo "no"
{
printf "%02d%02d%02d%02d" ${1//./ }
}
小开

哇……这是一个老问题，但我认为这是一个相当优雅的答案。首先，使用shell参数展开(参见Shell参数扩展)，将每个点分隔的版本转换为自己的数组。

v1="05.2.3"     # some evil examples that work here
v2="7.001.0.0"


declare -a v1_array=(${v1//./ })
declare -a v2_array=(${v2//./ })

现在，这两个数组将版本号按优先级顺序作为数值字符串。上面的许多解决方案都是从这里开始的，但它们都源于这样的观察:版本字符串只是一个具有任意基数的整数。我们可以测试找到第一个不相等的数字(就像strcmp对字符串中的字符所做的那样)。

compare_version() {
declare -a v1_array=(${1//./ })
declare -a v2_array=(${2//./ })


while [[ -nz $v1_array ]] || [[ -nz $v2_array ]]; do
let v1_val=${v1_array:-0}  # this will remove any leading zeros
let v2_val=${v2_array:-0}
let result=$((v1_val-v2_val))


if (( result != 0 )); then
echo $result
return
fi


v1_array=("${v1_array[@]:1}") # trim off the first "digit". it doesn't help
v2_array=("${v2_array[@]:1}")
done


# if we get here, both the arrays are empty and neither has been numerically
# different, which is equivalent to the two versions being equal


echo 0
return
}

如果第一个版本小于第二个版本，则返回负数，如果相等则返回零，如果第一个版本大于第二个版本则返回正数。一些输出:

$ compare_version 1 1.2
-2
$ compare_version "05.1.3" "5.001.03.0.0.0.1"
-1
$ compare_version "05.1.3" "5.001.03.0.0.0"
0
$ compare_version "05.1.3" "5.001.03.0"
0
$ compare_version "05.1.3" "5.001.30.0"
-27
$ compare_version "05.2.3" "7.001.0.0"
-2
$ compare_version "05.1.3" "5.001.30.0"
-27
$ compare_version "7.001.0.0" "05.1.3"
2

堕落的例子，”。2”或“3.0.”不起作用(未定义的结果)，并且如果'. 2 '旁边出现非数字字符。它可能会失败(还没有测试)，但肯定是没有定义的。因此，这应该与一个消毒函数或适当的检查有效的格式相匹配。此外，我相信通过一些调整，可以在没有太多额外负担的情况下使其更加健壮。

小开 
function version_compare () {
function sub_ver () {
local len=${#1}
temp=${1%%"."*} && indexOf=`echo ${1%%"."*} | echo ${#temp}`
echo -e "${1:0:indexOf}"
}
function cut_dot () {
local offset=${#1}
local length=${#2}
echo -e "${2:((++offset)):length}"
}
if [ -z "$1" ] || [ -z "$2" ]; then
echo "=" && exit 0
fi
local v1=`echo -e "${1}" | tr -d '[[:space:]]'`
local v2=`echo -e "${2}" | tr -d '[[:space:]]'`
local v1_sub=`sub_ver $v1`
local v2_sub=`sub_ver $v2`
if (( v1_sub > v2_sub )); then
echo ">"
elif (( v1_sub < v2_sub )); then
echo "<"
else
version_compare `cut_dot $v1_sub $v1` `cut_dot $v2_sub $v2`
fi
}


### Usage:


version_compare "1.2.3" "1.2.4"
# Output: <

功劳归@Shellman

小开

我不喜欢这些解决方案，因为它们漏洞百出、不可移植等等。

我(目前)努力提出一个更好的解决方案……src: version_compare (), 测试

Sorta-copied /贴在这里……

来源:

##
# Compare two versions.
#
# **Usage:** version_compare version1 operator version2
#
# - operator:
#
#   + ``lesser_than``, ``-lt``, ``<``
#   + ``lesser_than_or_equal``, ``-le``, ``<=``
#   + ``greater_than``, ``-gt``, ``>``
#   + ``greater_than_or_equal``, ``-ge``, ``>=``
#   + ``equal``, ``-eq``, ``==``
#   + ``not_equal``, ``-ne``, ``!=``
#
# - version{1,2}: arbitrary version strings to compare
#
# **Version Format:** ``[0-9]+($VERSION_SEPARATOR[0-9]+)*`` (i.e. 1, 1.0, 90, 1.2.3.4)
#
# **Returns:** true if comparison statement is correct
##
version_compare() {
_largest_version "$1" "$3"; _cmp="$(printf '%s' "$?")"


# Check for valid responses or bail early
case "$_cmp" in
1|0|2) :;;
*) _die "$_cmp" 'version comparison failed';;
esac


# The easy part
case "$2" in
'lesser_than'|'-lt'|'<')
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'lesser_or_equal'|'-le'|'<=')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_than'|'-gt'|'>')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
;;
'greater_or_equal'|'-ge'|'>=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'equal'|'-eq'|'==')
[ "$_cmp" = '0' ] && return 0
;;
'not_equal'|'-ne'|'!=')
[ "$_cmp" = '1' ] && return 0
[ "$_cmp" = '2' ] && return 0
;;
*) _die 7 'Unknown operatoration called for version_compare().';;
esac
return 1
}


##
# Print a formatted (critical) message and exit with status.
#
# **Usage:** _die [exit_status] message
#
# - exit_status: exit code to use with script termination (default: 1)
# - message: message to print before terminating script execution
##
_die() {
# If first argument was an integer, use as exit_status
if [ "$1" -eq "$1" ] 2>/dev/null; then
_exit_status="$1"; shift
else
_exit_status=1
fi


printf '*** CRITICAL: %s ***\n' "$1"
exit "$_exit_status"
}


##
# Compare two versions.
# Check if one version is larger/smaller/equal than/to another.
#
# **Usage:** _largest_version ver1 ver2
#
# Returns: ($1 > $2): 1 ; ($1 = $2): 0 ; ($1 < $2): 2
# [IOW- 1 = $1 is largest; 0 = neither ; 2 = $2 is largest]
##
_largest_version() (
# Value used to separate version components
VERSION_SEPARATOR="${VERSION_SEPARATOR:-.}"


for _p in "$1" "$2"; do
[ "$(printf %.1s "$_p")" = "$VERSION_SEPARATOR" ] &&
_die 7 'invalid version pattern provided'
done


# Split versions on VER_SEP into int/sub
_v="$1$2"
_v1="$1"
_s1="${1#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v1" = "$_s1" ]; then
_s1=''
_m1="$_v1"
else
_m1="${1%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi
_v2="$2"
_s2="${2#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}"
if [ "$_v2" = "$_s2" ]; then
_s2=''
_m2="$_v2"
else
_m2="${2%%$VERSION_SEPARATOR*}"
fi


# Both are equal
[ "$_v1" = "$_v2" ] && return 0


# Something is larger than nothing (30 < 30.0)
if [ -n "$_v1" ] && [ ! -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 1
elif [ ! -n "$_v1" ] && [ -n "$_v2" ]; then
return 2
fi


# Check for invalid
case "$_m1$_m2" in
*[!0-9]*)
_die 7 'version_compare called with unsupported version type'
;;
esac


# If a ver_sep is present
if [ "${_v#*$VERSION_SEPARATOR}" != "$_v" ]; then
# Check for a larger "major" version number
[ "$_m1" -lt "$_m2" ] && return 2
[ "$_m1" -gt "$_m2" ] && return 1


# Compare substring components
_largest_version "$_s1" "$_s2"; return "$?"
else
# Only integers present; simple integer comparison
[ "$_v1" -lt "$_v2" ] && return 2
[ "$_v1" -gt "$_v2" ] && return 1
fi
)

测试:

# Simple test of all operators
( version_compare '1' 'lesser_than' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'equal' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' 'not_equal' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' 'greater_than' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '-lt' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-eq' '2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2' '-gt' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1


# Semver test of primary operators (expect true)
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-lt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-eq' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-ne' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-gt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1


# Semver test of primary operators (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-lt' '7.0.1' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.2' '-eq' '2.0.7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.2' '-ne' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7.0.2' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1


# Mismatched version strings (expect true)
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3' '-ne' '7.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7.0.1' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1


# Mismatched version strings (expect false)
( version_compare '7.0.0' '-eq' '7.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1


# Invalid operation supplied
( version_compare '2' '-inv' '1' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1


# Invalid version formats
( version_compare '1..0' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1..0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0' '==' '1.0b7' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0a' '==' '1.0' >/dev/null ); [ "$?" = '7' ] || return 1


# "how does that handle comparing 10.0.0 (not a number) to 2.0 (a number)?"
( version_compare '10.0.0' '-lt' '2.0' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '10.0' '-gt' '2.0.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1


# not less/greater-than... but equal
( version_compare '7' '-lt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1
( version_compare '7' '-gt' '7' ); [ "$?" = '1' ] || return 1


# String vs. numerical comparison
( version_compare '1.18.1' '-gt' '1.8.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1




# Random tests found on the internet
( version_compare '1' '==' '1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '<' '2.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.0.4.10' '>' '3.0.4.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '4.08' '<' '4.08.01' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2.1.9.8144' '>' '3.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '3.2' '<' '3.2.1.9.8144' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.2' '<' '2.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '2.1' '>' '1.2' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '5.6.7' '==' '5.6.7' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.01.1' '==' '1.1.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.1.1' '==' '1.01.1' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
( version_compare '1.0.0' '!=' '1.0' ); [ "$?" = '0' ] || return 1
小开

这里一个有用的技巧是字符串索引。

$ echo "${BASH_VERSION}"
4.4.23(1)-release


$ echo "${BASH_VERSION:0:1}"
4
小开 
ver_cmp()
{
local IFS=.
local V1=($1) V2=($2) I
for ((I=0 ; I<${#V1[*]} || I<${#V2[*]} ; I++)) ; do
[[ ${V1[$I]:-0} -lt ${V2[$I]:-0} ]] && echo -1 && return
[[ ${V1[$I]:-0} -gt ${V2[$I]:-0} ]] && echo 1 && return
done
echo 0
}


ver_eq()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 0 ]]
}


ver_lt()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq -1 ]]
}


ver_gt()
{
[[ $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 1 ]]
}


ver_le()
{
[[ ! $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq 1 ]]
}


ver_ge()
{
[[ ! $(ver_cmp "$1" "$2") -eq -1 ]]
}

测试:

( ( while read V1 V2 ; do echo $V1 $(ver_cmp $V1 $V2) $V2 ; done ) <<EOF
1.2.3 2.2.3
2.2.3 2.2.2
3.10 3.2
2.2 2.2.1
3.1 3.1.0
EOF
) | sed 's/ -1 / < / ; s/ 0 / = / ; s/ 1 / > /' | column -t


1.2.3  <  2.2.3
2.2.3  >  2.2.2
3.10   >  3.2
2.2    <  2.2.1
3.1    =  3.1.0




ver_lt 10.1.2 10.1.20 && echo 'Your version is too old'


Your version is too old
小开

我使用一个函数来规范化这些数字，然后比较它们。

for循环是将版本字符串中的八进制数转换为十进制所必需的，例如:1.08→1 8,1.0030→1 30,2021-02-03→2021 2 3…

(用bash 5.0.17测试

#!/usr/bin/env bash


v() {
printf "%04d%04d%04d%04d%04d" $(for i in ${1//[^0-9]/ }; do printf "%d " $((10#$i)); done)
}


while read -r test; do
set -- $test
printf "$test    "
eval "if [[ $(v $1) $3 $(v $2) ]] ; then echo true; else echo false; fi"
done << EOF
1              1                   ==
2.1            2.2                  <
3.0.4.10       3.0.4.2              >
4.08           4.08.01              <
3.2.1.9.8144   3.2                  >
3.2            3.2.1.9.8144         <
1.2            2.1                  <
2.1            1.2                  >
5.6.7          5.6.7               ==
1.01.1         1.1.1               ==
1.1.1          1.01.1              ==
1              1.0                 ==
1.0            1                   ==
1.0.2.0        1.0.2               ==
1..0           1.0                 ==
1.0            1..0                ==
1              1                    >
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            >
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           ==
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            <
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           !=
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3+rc4            <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1     <
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1   <
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04           <
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <
EOF

结果:

1              1                   ==    true
2.1            2.2                  <    true
3.0.4.10       3.0.4.2              >    true
4.08           4.08.01              <    true
3.2.1.9.8144   3.2                  >    true
3.2            3.2.1.9.8144         <    true
1.2            2.1                  <    true
2.1            1.2                  >    true
5.6.7          5.6.7               ==    true
1.01.1         1.1.1               ==    true
1.1.1          1.01.1              ==    true
1              1.0                 ==    true
1.0            1                   ==    true
1.0.2.0        1.0.2               ==    true
1..0           1.0                 ==    true
1.0            1..0                ==    true
1              1                    >    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            >    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           ==    false
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4            <    true
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3~rc4           !=    true
1.2.3~rc2      1.2.3+rc4            <    true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1.1     <    true
2021-11-23-rc1 2021-11-23-rc1-rf1   <    true
2021-01-03-rc1 2021-01-04           <    true
5.0.17(1)-release 5.0.17(2)-release <    true
小开

你们都给出了复杂的解决方案。这里有一个更简单的例子。

function compare_versions {
local a=${1%%.*} b=${2%%.*}
[[ "10#${a:-0}" -gt "10#${b:-0}" ]] && return 1
[[ "10#${a:-0}" -lt "10#${b:-0}" ]] && return 2
a=${1:${#a} + 1} b=${2:${#b} + 1}
[[ -z $a && -z $b ]] || compare_versions "$a" "$b"
}

用法:compare_versions <ver_a> <ver_b>

返回代码1表示第一个版本大于第二个版本，2表示较小，而0表示两者相等。

也是一个非递归的版本:

function compare_versions {
local a=$1 b=$2 x y


while [[ $a || $b ]]; do
x=${a%%.*} y=${b%%.*}
[[ "10#${x:-0}" -gt "10#${y:-0}" ]] && return 1
[[ "10#${x:-0}" -lt "10#${y:-0}" ]] && return 2
a=${a:${#x} + 1} b=${b:${#y} + 1}
done


return 0
}
小开

当Bash变得太复杂时，就把它输送到python中!

vercomp(){ echo "$1" "$2" | python3 -c "import re, sys; arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x))); x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split()); exit(not x >= y)"; }

比较两个版本号的例子:

vercomp 2.8 2.4.5 && echo ">=" || echo "<"

这个python一行代码比较左边版本号和右边版本号，如果左边版本号等于或更高，则退出0。它也处理像2.4.5rc3这样的版本

分解后，这是可读的代码:

import re, sys


# Convert a version string into a list "2.4.5" -> [2, 4, 5]
arr = lambda x: list(map(int, re.split('[^0-9]+', x)))


# Read the version numbers from stdin and apply the above function to them
x, y = map(arr, sys.stdin.read().split())


# Exit 0 if the left number is greater than the right
exit(not x >= y)
小开

我的观点是:

vercomp () {
if [[ "${1}" == "${2}" ]]; then
echo '0'
return
fi
echo "${1}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\./\1\n/g' | {
_RES_=-1
for _VB_ in $(echo "${2}" | sed 's/\([0-9]\+\)\./\1\n/g'); do
if ! read -r _VA_ || [[ "${_VB_}" -gt "${_VA_}" ]]; then
_RES_=1
break
fi
done
read -r _VA_ && echo '-1' || echo "${_RES_}"
}
}

语法:

vercomp VERSION_A VERSION_B

打印:

  • 如果VERSION_A是最近的-1
  • 0如果两个版本相等
  • 如果VERSION_B是最近的1
小开

与其编写冗长的代码使您的生活过于复杂，不如使用一些已经存在的东西。很多时候，当bash不够时，python可以提供帮助。你仍然可以从bash脚本轻松调用它(额外奖励:从bash到python的变量替换):

VERSION1=1.2.3
VERSION2=1.2.4


cat <<EOF | python3 | grep -q True
from packaging import version
print(version.parse("$VERSION1") > version.parse("$VERSION2"))
EOF


if [ "$?" == 0 ];  then
echo "$VERSION1 is greater than $VERSION2"
else
echo "$VERSION2 is greater or equal than $VERSION1"
fi

更多信息在这里:如何比较Python中的版本号?


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