如何使用 Spring 引导配置文件

You can specify properties according profiles in one application.properties(yml) like here. Then mvn clean spring-boot:run -Dspring.profiles.active=dev should run it correct. It works for me

I'm not sure I fully understand the question but I'll attempt to answer by providing a few details about profiles in Spring Boot.

For your #1 example, according to the docs you can select the profile using the Spring Boot Maven plugin using -Drun.profiles.

Edit: For Spring Boot 2.0+ run has been renamed to spring-boot.run and run.profiles has been renamed to spring-boot.run.profiles

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=dev

https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/2.0.1.RELEASE/maven-plugin/examples/run-profiles.html

From your #2 example, you are defining the active profile after the name of the jar. You need to provide the JVM argument before the name of the jar you are running.

java -jar -Dspring.profiles.active=dev XXX.jar

General info:

You mention that you have both an application.yml and a application-dev.yml. Running with the dev profile will actually load both config files. Values from application-dev.yml will override the same values provided by application.yml but values from both yml files will be loaded.

There are also multiple ways to define the active profile.

You can define them as you did, using -Dspring.profiles.active when running your jar. You can also set the profile using a SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE environment variable or a spring.profiles.active system property.

More info can be found here: https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/reference/html/howto.html#howto-set-active-spring-profiles

You don't need three .yml files for this. You can have a single application.yml file and write profile specific properties in the same where each profile section is separated by 3 hyphen (---)

Next, for selecting the current active profile, you can specify that as well in your application.yml file, like this :

spring:
profiles:
active:
- local

However, this configuration will be overriden if you set an Environment variable, eg : SPRING_PROFILES_ACTIVE = dev

Here is a sample file for you requirement:

# include common properties for every profile in this section


server.port: 5000


spring:
profiles:
active:
- local


---
# profile specific properties


spring:
profiles: local


datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/
username: root
password: root


---
# profile specific properties


spring:
profiles: dev


datasource:
url: jdbc:mysql://<dev db url>
username: <username>
password: <password>

If you are using the Spring Boot Maven Plugin, run:

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=foo,bar

(https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/maven-plugin/examples/run-profiles.html)

The @Profile annotation allows you to indicate that a component is eligible for registration when one or more specified profiles are active. Using our example above, we can rewrite the dataSource configuration as follows:

@Configuration
@Profile("dev")
public class StandaloneDataConfig {


@Bean
public DataSource dataSource() {
return new EmbeddedDatabaseBuilder()
.setType(EmbeddedDatabaseType.HSQL)
.addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/schema.sql")
.addScript("classpath:com/bank/config/sql/test-data.sql")
.build();
}
}

And other one:

@Configuration
@Profile("production")
public class JndiDataConfig {


@Bean(destroyMethod="")
public DataSource dataSource() throws Exception {
Context ctx = new InitialContext();
return (DataSource) ctx.lookup("java:comp/env/jdbc/datasource");
}
}

Create specific .yml files in the resources directory for each and every environment(Eg: dev,qa,stg etc.) that you need to run the application. image of .yml files in resources directory

If you are using spring-boot-maven-plugin 2.0.5.RELEASE in your pom.xml file you can add the profiles within the dependency tag as follows. image of pom.xml spring-boot-maven-plugin (you can configure multiple profiles using multiple profile tags)

Then you can use the following commands to build and run the project.

1) mvn clean install
2) mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.default==qa

Then you will see that the default profile is set as qa while running the project. displaying the default profile when running the application

If you are using maven, define your profiles as shown below within your pom.xml

<profiles>
<profile>
<id>local</id>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
<properties>
<jdbc.url>dbUrl</jdbc.url>
<jdbc.username>dbuser</jdbc.username>
<jdbc.password>dbPassword</jdbc.password>
<jdbc.driver>dbDriver</jdbc.driver>
</properties>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>dev</id>
<properties>
<jdbc.url>dbUrl</jdbc.url>
<jdbc.username>dbuser</jdbc.username>
<jdbc.password>dbPassword</jdbc.password>
<jdbc.driver>dbDriver</jdbc.driver>
</properties>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.postgresql</groupId>
<artifactId>postgresql</artifactId>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</profile>
<profile>
<id>prod</id>
<properties>
<jdbc.url>dbUrl</jdbc.url>
<jdbc.username>dbuser</jdbc.username>
<jdbc.password>dbPassword</jdbc.password>
<jdbc.driver>dbDriver</jdbc.driver>
</properties>
</profile>

By default, i.e if No profile is selected, the local profile will always be use.

To select a specific profile in Spring Boot 2.x.x, use the below command.

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=dev

If you want want to build/compile using properties of a specific profile, use the below command.

mvn clean install -Pdev -DprofileIdEnabled=true

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.profiles=foo,bar

**Source- **https://docs.spring.io/spring-boot/docs/current/maven-plugin/examples/run-profiles.html

Basically it is need when you multiple application-{environment}.properties is present inside in your project. by default, if you passed -Drun.profiles on command line or activeByDefault true in

 <profile>
<id>dev</id>
<properties>
<activatedProperties>dev</activatedProperties>
</properties>
<activation>
<activeByDefault>true</activeByDefault>
</activation>
</profile>

Nothing defined like above it will choose by default application.properties otherwise you need to select by appending -Drun.profiles={dev/stage/prod}.

TL;DR

mvn spring-boot:run -Drun.profiles=dev

Working with Intellij, because I don't know how to set keyboard shortcut to mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring.profiles.active=dev, I have to do this:

<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<jvmArguments>
-Dspring.profiles.active=dev
</jvmArguments>
</configuration>
</plugin>

Use "-Dspring-boot.run.profiles=foo,local" in Intellij IDEA. It's working. Its sets 2 profiles "foo and local".

Verified with boot version "2.3.2.RELEASE" & Intellij IDEA CE 2019.3.

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

Setting profile with "mvn spring-boot:run"

Setting environment variable

If your using maven,

<build>
<plugins>
<plugin>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
<configuration>
<profiles>
<profile>dev</profile>
</profiles>
</configuration>
</plugin>
</plugins>
</build>

this set dev as active profile

./mvnw spring-boot:run

will have dev as active profile.

Since Spring Boot v2+

Alternatives below works with Spring Boot v2.0.0 and newer.

With Spring Boot Maven Plugin

You can provide commandline argument like this:

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.arguments="--spring.profiles.active=dev"

You can provide JVM argument like this:

mvn spring-boot:run -Dspring-boot.run.jvmArguments="-Dspring.profiles.active=dev"

java -jar

java -Dspring.profiles.active=dev -jar app.jar (VM param)

or

java -jar app.jar --spring.profiles.active=dev (program param)

A note on Windows Powershell

Powershell will require you to wrap in double quotes like shown here since it otherwise will result in an error because of how it interpret a period: java -D"spring.profiles.active=dev" -jar app.jar

Alternatively, the profile can be directly specified in the application.properties file by adding the line:

spring.profiles.active=prod

Profiles work in conjunction with Spring Boot properties files. By default, Spring Boot parses a file called application.properties – located in the src/main/resources directory – to identify configuration information.

Our first task will be to add a parameter in that file which will tell Spring to use a different environment-specific property file corresponding to the active profile (i.e. the profile that the app is currently being run with). We can do this by adding the following to the application.properties file:

spring.profiles.active=@activatedProperties@

Now we need to create the two new environment-specific property files (in the same path as the existing application.properties file), one to be used by the DEV profile and one to be used by the PROD profile. These files need to be named the following:

application-dev.properties

application-prod.properties

In each case, we specify prod as the active profile, which causes the application-prod.properties file to be chosen for configuration purposes.