All AJAX calls made by jQuery will have a header added to indicate it is AJAX. The header to check is X-Requested-With, and the value will be XMLHttpRequest when it is an AJAX call.
Note that AJAX requests are normal GETs or POSTs, so unless you (or your AJAX library like jQuery) are adding an additional header in the request, there is no way to know for certain whether it is AJAX or not.