如何为 GitLab CI 运行器启用 maven 工件缓存？

Gitlab CI allows you to define certain paths, which contain data that should be cached between builds, on a per job or build basis (see here for more details). In combination with khmarbaise's recommendation, this can be used to cache dependencies between multiple builds.

An example that caches all job dependencies in your build:

cache:
paths:
- .m2/repository


variables:
MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=$CI_PROJECT_DIR/.m2/repository"


maven_job:
script:
- mvn clean install

According to the conversation over on GitLab's issue tracker, I managed to change the Maven local repository path and put it into ./.m2/repository/ directory, which is we will then persist between runs by adding this global block to the CI config:

cache:
paths:
- ./.m2/repository
# keep cache across branch
key: "$CI_BUILD_REF_NAME"

Unfortunately, according to this StackOverflow answer the maven local repository path can only be set on every run with -Dmaven.repo.local or by editing your settings.xml, which is a tedious task to do in a gitlab-ci configuration script. An option would be to set a variable with the default Maven options and pass it to every run.

Also, it is crucial that the local Maven repository is a child of the current directory. For some reason, putting it in /cache or /builds didn't work for me, even though someone from GitLab claimed it should.

Example of a working gitlab-ci.yml configuration file for Maven + Java:

image: maven:3-jdk-8


variables:
MAVEN_OPTS: "-Djava.awt.headless=true -Dmaven.repo.local=./.m2/repository"
MAVEN_CLI_OPTS: "--batch-mode --errors --fail-at-end --show-version"


cache:
paths:
- ./.m2/repository
# keep cache across branch
key: "$CI_BUILD_REF_NAME"


stages:
- build
- test
- deploy


build-job:
stage: build
script:
- "mvn clean compile $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS"
artifacts:
paths:
- target/


unittest-job:
stage: test
dependencies:
- build-job
script:
- "mvn package $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS"
artifacts:
paths:
- target/


integrationtest-job:
stage: test
dependencies:
- build-job
script:
- "mvn verify $MAVEN_CLI_OPTS"
artifacts:
paths:
- target/


deploy-job:
stage: deploy
artifacts:
paths:
- "target/*.jar"

You can add cache folder to gitlab-ci runner configuration and pass it to maven.

/etc/gitlab-runner/config.toml

[[runners]]
...
[runners.docker]
...
volumes = ["/cache", "/.m2"]
...

.gitlab-ci.yml

variables:
MAVEN_OPTS: "-Dmaven.repo.local=/.m2"


build:
script:
- mvn package

The accepted answer didn't do it for me.

As zlobster mentioned, the guys at GitLab have this amazing repository where you can find a proper example of the .gitlab-ci.yml file used for Maven projects.

Basically, what you need are these lines:

cache:
paths:
- .m2/repository

Keep in mind that if you decide to a add a local cache for a certain job, the global one added above will be replaced. More on this here.

If you are using kubernetes as executor for gitlab-runner, you can also use the maven cache. I chose to have a persistent cache on NFS with k8s PV (but other volume type are supported by gitlab-runner). The following configuration doesn't use the cache gitlab feature because of persistence offered by NFS.

1) create a PersistentVolume on your cluster, ex here with NFS (adapt to your persistence layer and your options) :

apiVersion: v1
kind: PersistentVolume
metadata:
name: gitlabrunner-nfs-volume
spec:
capacity:
storage: 10Gi
mountOptions:
- nolock
accessModes:
- ReadWriteMany
persistentVolumeReclaimPolicy: Recycle
nfs:
path: /gitlabrunner
server: 1.2.3.4

2) Reference the PV to get a claim as a volume in the runner pod :

[[runners.kubernetes.volumes.pvc]]
name = "pvc-1"
mount_path = "/path/to/mount/point1"

Note (03/09/18) : A command line option for these paramaters doesn't exist yet. There is a open issue.

3) Specify the same path for the gitlab-runner cache :

[[runners]]
executor = "kubernetes"
# ...
cache_dir = "/path/to/mount/point1"

or

--cache-dir "/path/to/mount/point1" in interactive mode

4) use the "/path/to/mount/point1" directory in the -Dmaven.repo.local option

I was able to use a host volume to share my .m2 repository directory. This also had the advantage of sharing over my settings.xml file (which not everyone may want). I found this to be faster than using the cache solutions mentioned.

[[runners]]
[runners.docker]
volumes = ["/home/<user>/.m2:/root/.m2"]

There is another approach. Do not use gitlab cache and use custom (per project) docker image.

Some details:

First of all, you need to create a maven docker image where all (or most of) required for your project dependencies are presented. Publish it to your registry (gitlab has one) and use it for any job running maven.

To create such an image I usually create an additional job in CI triggered manually. You need to trigger it at initial stage and when project dependencies are heavily modified.

Working sample can be found here:

https://gitlab.com/alexej.vlasov/syncer/blob/master/.gitlab-ci.yml - this project is using the prepared image and also it has a job to prepare this image.

https://gitlab.com/alexej.vlasov/maven/blob/master/Dockerfile - dockerfile to run maven and download dependencies once.

The pros:

• don't need to download dependencies each time - they are inside a docker image (and docker layers are cached on the runners)
• don't need to upload artifacts when job is finished
• cache are not downloaded in jobs don't use maven

You don't have to declare MAVEN_OPTS in variables section when you use CI_PROJECT_DIR variable (The full path where the repository is cloned and where the job is run)

cache:
key: maven-cache
paths:
- $CI_PROJECT_DIR/.m2/