使用JavaScript/jQuery下载文件

我有一个非常类似的需求指定在这里。

我需要让用户的浏览器在$('a#someID').click();时手动启动下载

但我不能使用window.href方法，因为它将当前页面内容替换为您试图下载的文件。

相反，我想在新窗口/标签中打开下载。这怎么可能呢?

1603055 次浏览
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最佳答案

使用一个不可见的<iframe>:

<iframe id="my_iframe" style="display:none;"></iframe>
<script>
function Download(url) {
document.getElementById('my_iframe').src = url;
};
</script>

为了迫使浏览器下载一个它本来能够呈现的文件(例如HTML或文本文件)，你需要服务器将文件的MIME类型设置为一个无意义的值，例如application/x-please-download-me或application/octet-stream，这用于任意二进制数据。

如果你只想在一个新选项卡中打开它，唯一的方法是让用户点击一个target属性设置为_blank的链接。

jQuery:

$('a#someID').attr({target: '_blank',
href  : 'http://localhost/directory/file.pdf'});

无论何时单击该链接，它都会在一个新的选项卡/窗口中下载文件。

小开

2019现代浏览器更新

这是我现在推荐的方法，但有几点注意事项:

  • 需要一个相对现代的浏览器
  • 如果文件被期望为非常大的，你可能会做一些类似于最初的方法(iframe和cookie)，因为下面的一些操作可能会消耗至少与正在下载的文件一样大的系统内存和/或其他有趣的CPU副作用。

fetch('https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/todos/1')
.then(resp => resp.blob())
.then(blob => {
const url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
const a = document.createElement('a');
a.style.display = 'none';
a.href = url;
// the filename you want
a.download = 'todo-1.json';
document.body.appendChild(a);
a.click();
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
alert('your file has downloaded!'); // or you know, something with better UX...
})
.catch(() => alert('oh no!'));

2012年原创的jQuery/iframe/cookie的方法

我已经创建了jQuery文件下载插件 (演示) (GitHub)，这也可以帮助您的情况。它的工作原理与iframe非常相似，但有一些很酷的功能，我发现相当方便:

  • 非常容易设置与漂亮的视觉效果(jQuery UI对话框，但不是必需的)，一切都经过测试

  • 用户从未离开他们发起文件下载的同一页面。这个特性对于现代web应用程序来说越来越重要

  • successCallback和failCallback函数允许您显式地显示用户在任何一种情况下看到的内容

  • 结合jQuery UI，开发人员可以轻松地显示一个模式，告诉用户正在进行文件下载，下载开始后解散模式，甚至以友好的方式通知用户发生了错误。请看Demo的例子。希望这能帮助到一些人!

下面是一个简单的用例演示，使用带有承诺的插件源。演示页面还包括许多其他“更好的UX”示例。

$.fileDownload('some/file.pdf')
.done(function () { alert('File download a success!'); })
.fail(function () { alert('File download failed!'); });
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如果你已经在使用jQuery，你可以利用它来生成一个更小的代码片段 jQuery版本的Andrew的答案:

var $idown;  // Keep it outside of the function, so it's initialized once.
downloadURL : function(url) {
if ($idown) {
$idown.attr('src',url);
} else {
$idown = $('<iframe>', { id:'idown', src:url }).hide().appendTo('body');
}
},
//... How to use it:
downloadURL('http://whatever.com/file.pdf');
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使用锚标签和PHP它可以做到，检查这个答案

JQuery Ajax调用PDF文件下载

HTML
<a href="www.example.com/download_file.php?file_source=example.pdf">Download pdf here</a>


PHP
<?php
$fullPath = $_GET['fileSource'];
if($fullPath) {
$fsize = filesize($fullPath);
$path_parts = pathinfo($fullPath);
$ext = strtolower($path_parts["extension"]);
switch ($ext) {
case "pdf":
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\""); // use 'attachment' to force a download
header("Content-type: application/pdf"); // add here more headers for diff. extensions
break;
default;
header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Disposition: filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\"");
}
if($fsize) {//checking if file size exist
header("Content-length: $fsize");
}
readfile($fullPath);
exit;
}
?>

我正在检查文件大小，因为如果你从CDN cloudfront加载pdf，你不会得到文档的大小，这迫使文档下载为0kb，为了避免这种情况，我正在检查这种情况

 if($fsize) {//checking if file size exist
header("Content-length: $fsize");
}
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hitesh在2013年12月30日提交的答案实际上是有效的。只是需要一点点调整:

PHP文件可以调用自己。换句话说，只需创建一个名为saveass .php的文件，并将此代码放入其中…

        <a href="saveAs.php?file_source=YourDataFile.pdf">Download pdf here</a>


<?php
if (isset($_GET['file_source'])) {
$fullPath = $_GET['file_source'];
if($fullPath) {
$fsize = filesize($fullPath);
$path_parts = pathinfo($fullPath);
$ext = strtolower($path_parts["extension"]);
switch ($ext) {
case "pdf":
header("Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\""); // use 'attachment' to force a download
header("Content-type: application/pdf"); // add here more headers for diff. extensions
break;
default;
header("Content-type: application/octet-stream");
header("Content-Disposition: filename=\"".$path_parts["basename"]."\"");
}
if($fsize) {//checking if file size exist
header("Content-length: $fsize");
}
readfile($fullPath);
exit;
}
}
?>
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function downloadURI(uri, name)
{
var link = document.createElement("a");
// If you don't know the name or want to use
// the webserver default set name = ''
link.setAttribute('download', name);
link.href = uri;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
}

检查你的目标浏览器是否能顺利运行上面的代码段

小开

这些函数在stacktrace.js中使用:

/**
* Try XHR methods in order and store XHR factory.
*
* @return <Function> XHR function or equivalent
*/
var createXMLHTTPObject = function() {
var xmlhttp, XMLHttpFactories = [
function() {
return new XMLHttpRequest();
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Msxml2.XMLHTTP');
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Msxml3.XMLHTTP');
}, function() {
return new ActiveXObject('Microsoft.XMLHTTP');
}
];
for (var i = 0; i < XMLHttpFactories.length; i++) {
try {
xmlhttp = XMLHttpFactories[i]();
// Use memoization to cache the factory
createXMLHTTPObject = XMLHttpFactories[i];
return xmlhttp;
} catch (e) {
}
}
}


/**
* @return the text from a given URL
*/
function ajax(url) {
var req = createXMLHTTPObject();
if (req) {
try {
req.open('GET', url, false);
req.send(null);
return req.responseText;
} catch (e) {
}
}
return '';
}
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我建议您使用mousedown事件，它被称为BEFORE the click事件。这样，浏览器就可以自然地处理点击事件，从而避免了任何奇怪的代码:

(function ($) {




// with this solution, the browser handles the download link naturally (tested in chrome and firefox)
$(document).ready(function () {


var url = '/private/downloads/myfile123.pdf';
$("a#someID").on('mousedown', function () {
$(this).attr("href", url);
});


});
})(jQuery);
小开

来自Corbacho的优秀解决方案，我只是适应了摆脱var

function downloadURL(url) {
if( $('#idown').length ){
$('#idown').attr('src',url);
}else{
$('<iframe>', { id:'idown', src:url }).hide().appendTo('body');
}
}
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我很惊讶没有很多人知道元素的下载属性。请帮助传播这个消息!你可以有一个隐藏的html链接，假装点击它。如果html链接具有下载属性，它将下载文件，而不是查看文件，无论如何。这是代码。如果能找到猫的图片，它就会下载。

document.getElementById('download').click();
<a href="https://docs.google.com/uc?id=0B0jH18Lft7ypSmRjdWg1c082Y2M" download id="download" hidden></a>

< p >注意: 并非所有浏览器都支持:http://www.w3schools.com/tags/att_a_download.asp

小开

我建议使用download属性下载而不是jQuery:

<a href="your_link" download> file_name </a>

这将下载您的文件，而不需要打开它。

小开

Firefox和Chrome测试:

var link = document.createElement('a');
link.download = 'fileName.ext'
link.href = 'http://down.serv/file.ext';


// Because firefox not executing the .click() well
// We need to create mouse event initialization.
var clickEvent = document.createEvent("MouseEvent");
clickEvent.initEvent("click", true, true);


link.dispatchEvent(clickEvent);

这实际上是firefox的“chrome”方式解决方案(我没有在其他浏览器上测试过，所以请留下关于可编译性的评论)

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我使用FORM标签有很好的结果，因为它可以在任何地方工作，你不必在服务器上创建临时文件。方法是这样的。

在客户端(页面HTML)，您可以创建这样一个不可见的表单

<form method="POST" action="/download.php" target="_blank" id="downloadForm">
<input type="hidden" name="data" id="csv">
</form>

然后你添加Javascript代码到你的按钮:

$('#button').click(function() {
$('#csv').val('---your data---');
$('#downloadForm').submit();
}

在服务器端，你在download.php中有以下PHP代码:

<?php
header('Content-Type: text/csv');
header('Content-Description: File Transfer');
header('Content-Type: application/octet-stream');
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename=out.csv');
header('Content-Transfer-Encoding: binary');
header('Connection: Keep-Alive');
header('Expires: 0');
header('Cache-Control: must-revalidate, post-check=0, pre-check=0');
header('Pragma: public');
header('Content-Length: ' . strlen($data));


echo $_REQUEST['data'];
exit();

你甚至可以像这样创建数据的zip文件:

<?php


$file = tempnam("tmp", "zip");


$zip = new ZipArchive();
$zip->open($file, ZipArchive::OVERWRITE);
$zip->addFromString('test.csv', $_REQUEST['data']);
$zip->close();


header('Content-Type: application/zip');
header('Content-Length: ' . filesize($file));
header('Content-Disposition: attachment; filename="file.zip"');
readfile($file);
unlink($file);

最好的部分是它不会在您的服务器上留下任何残留文件，因为一切都是在运行中创建和销毁的!

小开

我知道我迟到了，但我想分享我的解决方案，这是上面Imagine Breaker解决方案的变化。我试着用他的方法，因为他的方法对我来说是最简单易行的。但就像其他人说的那样，它不适合某些浏览器，所以我使用jquery对它进行了一些修改。

希望这能帮助到那里的人。

function download(url) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
$(link).click(function(e) {
e.preventDefault();
window.location.href = url;
});
$(link).click();
}
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注意:并非所有浏览器都支持。

我正在寻找一种方法，使用jquery下载文件，而不必从一开始就在href属性中设置文件url。

. 
jQuery('<a/>', {
id: 'downloadFile',
href: 'http://cdn.sstatic.net/Sites/stackoverflow/img/apple-touch-icon@2.png',
style: 'display:hidden;',
download: ''
}).appendTo('body');


$("#downloadFile")[0].click();
<script src="https://ajax.googleapis.com/ajax/libs/jquery/2.1.1/jquery.min.js"></script>

小开

适用于Chrome, Firefox和IE8及以上。

var link=document.createElement('a');
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.href=url ;
link.click();
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我不知道这个问题是不是太老了，但是设置窗口。只要下载mime类型正确(例如zip存档)，指向下载url的位置就可以工作。

var download = function(downloadURL) {


location = downloadURL;


});


download('http://example.com/archive.zip'); //correct usage
download('http://example.com/page.html'); //DON'T
小开

使用iframe的简单示例

function downloadURL(url) {
var hiddenIFrameID = 'hiddenDownloader',
iframe = document.getElementById(hiddenIFrameID);
if (iframe === null) {
iframe = document.createElement('iframe');
iframe.id = hiddenIFrameID;
iframe.style.display = 'none';
document.body.appendChild(iframe);
}
iframe.src = url;
};

然后在任何你想要的地方调用这个函数:

downloadURL('path/to/my/file');

小开

仅仅7年之后，这里出现了一行jQuery解决方案，使用表单而不是iframe或链接:

$('<form></form>')
.attr('action', filePath)
.appendTo('body').submit().remove();

我已经测试过了

  • Chrome 55
  • Firefox 50
  • 边缘IE8-10
  • iOS 10 (Safari/Chrome)
  • Android浏览器

如果有人知道这个解决方案的任何缺点，我很乐意听听。

完整的演示:

<html>
<head><script src="https://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.11.3.js"></script></head>
<body>
<script>
var filePath = window.prompt("Enter a file URL","http://jqueryui.com/resources/download/jquery-ui-1.12.1.zip");
$('<form></form>').attr('action', filePath).appendTo('body').submit().remove();
</script>
</body>
</html>
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我使用@rakaloof的解决方案没有JQuery(因为这里不需要)。谢谢你的建议!下面是一个香草ajs基于表单的解决方案:

const uri = 'https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/b/bb/Test_ogg_mp3_48kbps.wav';
let form = document.createElement("form");
form.setAttribute('action', uri);
document.body.appendChild(form);
form.submit();
document.body.removeChild(document.body.lastElementChild);

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为了改进Imagine Breaker的答案，FF &即:

var evt = document.createEvent("MouseEvents");
evt.initMouseEvent("click", true, true, window, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, false, false, false, false, 0, null);


function downloadURI(uri, name) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.dispatchEvent(evt);
}

换句话说，只需使用dispatchEvent函数而不是click();

小开

也许只是让你的javascript打开一个只下载文件的页面，比如当你把一个下载链接拖到一个新选项卡:

Window.open("https://www.MyServer.
Org/downloads/ardiuno/WgiWho=?:8080")

打开窗口，打开一个自动关闭的下载页面。

小开

最完整的和工作(测试)代码下载数据为FireFox, Chrome和IE代码如下。假设Data在texarea字段中，其中id =“textarea_area”和文件名是数据将被下载的文件的名称。

function download(filename) {
if (typeof filename==='undefined') filename = ""; // default
value = document.getElementById('textarea_area').value;


filetype="text/*";
extension=filename.substring(filename.lastIndexOf("."));
for (var i = 0; i < extToMIME.length; i++) {
if (extToMIME[i][0].localeCompare(extension)==0) {
filetype=extToMIME[i][1];
break;
}
}




var pom = document.createElement('a');
pom.setAttribute('href', 'data: '+filetype+';charset=utf-8,' + '\ufeff' + encodeURIComponent(value)); // Added BOM too
pom.setAttribute('download', filename);




if (document.createEvent) {
if (navigator.userAgent.indexOf('MSIE') !== -1 || navigator.appVersion.indexOf('Trident/') > 0) { // IE
blobObject = new Blob(['\ufeff'+value]);
window.navigator.msSaveBlob(blobObject, filename);
} else { // FF, Chrome
var event = document.createEvent('MouseEvents');
event.initEvent('click', true, true);
pom.dispatchEvent(event);
}
} else if( document.createEventObject ) { // Have No Idea
var evObj = document.createEventObject();
pom.fireEvent( 'onclick' , evObj );
} else { // For Any Case
pom.click();
}


}

然后调用

<a href="javascript:download();">Download</a>

下载初始化。

为下载对话框设置正确的MIME类型的数组可以如下:

// ----------------------- Extensions to MIME --------- //


// List of mime types
// combination of values from Windows 7 Registry and
// from C:\Windows\System32\inetsrv\config\applicationHost.config
// some added, including .7z and .dat
var extToMIME = [
[".323", "text/h323"],
[".3g2", "video/3gpp2"],
[".3gp", "video/3gpp"],
[".3gp2", "video/3gpp2"],
[".3gpp", "video/3gpp"],
[".7z", "application/x-7z-compressed"],
[".aa", "audio/audible"],
[".AAC", "audio/aac"],
[".aaf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".aax", "audio/vnd.audible.aax"],
[".ac3", "audio/ac3"],
[".aca", "application/octet-stream"],
[".accda", "application/msaccess.addin"],
[".accdb", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdc", "application/msaccess.cab"],
[".accde", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdr", "application/msaccess.runtime"],
[".accdt", "application/msaccess"],
[".accdw", "application/msaccess.webapplication"],
[".accft", "application/msaccess.ftemplate"],
[".acx", "application/internet-property-stream"],
[".AddIn", "text/xml"],
[".ade", "application/msaccess"],
[".adobebridge", "application/x-bridge-url"],
[".adp", "application/msaccess"],
[".ADT", "audio/vnd.dlna.adts"],
[".ADTS", "audio/aac"],
[".afm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ai", "application/postscript"],
[".aif", "audio/x-aiff"],
[".aifc", "audio/aiff"],
[".aiff", "audio/aiff"],
[".air", "application/vnd.adobe.air-application-installer-package+zip"],
[".amc", "application/x-mpeg"],
[".application", "application/x-ms-application"],
[".art", "image/x-jg"],
[".asa", "application/xml"],
[".asax", "application/xml"],
[".ascx", "application/xml"],
[".asd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".asf", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".ashx", "application/xml"],
[".asi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".asm", "text/plain"],
[".asmx", "application/xml"],
[".aspx", "application/xml"],
[".asr", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".asx", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".atom", "application/atom+xml"],
[".au", "audio/basic"],
[".avi", "video/x-msvideo"],
[".axs", "application/olescript"],
[".bas", "text/plain"],
[".bcpio", "application/x-bcpio"],
[".bin", "application/octet-stream"],
[".bmp", "image/bmp"],
[".c", "text/plain"],
[".cab", "application/octet-stream"],
[".caf", "audio/x-caf"],
[".calx", "application/vnd.ms-office.calx"],
[".cat", "application/vnd.ms-pki.seccat"],
[".cc", "text/plain"],
[".cd", "text/plain"],
[".cdda", "audio/aiff"],
[".cdf", "application/x-cdf"],
[".cer", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".chm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".class", "application/x-java-applet"],
[".clp", "application/x-msclip"],
[".cmx", "image/x-cmx"],
[".cnf", "text/plain"],
[".cod", "image/cis-cod"],
[".config", "application/xml"],
[".contact", "text/x-ms-contact"],
[".coverage", "application/xml"],
[".cpio", "application/x-cpio"],
[".cpp", "text/plain"],
[".crd", "application/x-mscardfile"],
[".crl", "application/pkix-crl"],
[".crt", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".cs", "text/plain"],
[".csdproj", "text/plain"],
[".csh", "application/x-csh"],
[".csproj", "text/plain"],
[".css", "text/css"],
[".csv", "text/csv"],
[".cur", "application/octet-stream"],
[".cxx", "text/plain"],
[".dat", "application/octet-stream"],
[".datasource", "application/xml"],
[".dbproj", "text/plain"],
[".dcr", "application/x-director"],
[".def", "text/plain"],
[".deploy", "application/octet-stream"],
[".der", "application/x-x509-ca-cert"],
[".dgml", "application/xml"],
[".dib", "image/bmp"],
[".dif", "video/x-dv"],
[".dir", "application/x-director"],
[".disco", "text/xml"],
[".dll", "application/x-msdownload"],
[".dll.config", "text/xml"],
[".dlm", "text/dlm"],
[".doc", "application/msword"],
[".docm", "application/vnd.ms-word.document.macroEnabled.12"],
[".docx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.document"],
[".dot", "application/msword"],
[".dotm", "application/vnd.ms-word.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".dotx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.wordprocessingml.template"],
[".dsp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".dsw", "text/plain"],
[".dtd", "text/xml"],
[".dtsConfig", "text/xml"],
[".dv", "video/x-dv"],
[".dvi", "application/x-dvi"],
[".dwf", "drawing/x-dwf"],
[".dwp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".dxr", "application/x-director"],
[".eml", "message/rfc822"],
[".emz", "application/octet-stream"],
[".eot", "application/octet-stream"],
[".eps", "application/postscript"],
[".etl", "application/etl"],
[".etx", "text/x-setext"],
[".evy", "application/envoy"],
[".exe", "application/octet-stream"],
[".exe.config", "text/xml"],
[".fdf", "application/vnd.fdf"],
[".fif", "application/fractals"],
[".filters", "Application/xml"],
[".fla", "application/octet-stream"],
[".flr", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".flv", "video/x-flv"],
[".fsscript", "application/fsharp-script"],
[".fsx", "application/fsharp-script"],
[".generictest", "application/xml"],
[".gif", "image/gif"],
[".group", "text/x-ms-group"],
[".gsm", "audio/x-gsm"],
[".gtar", "application/x-gtar"],
[".gz", "application/x-gzip"],
[".h", "text/plain"],
[".hdf", "application/x-hdf"],
[".hdml", "text/x-hdml"],
[".hhc", "application/x-oleobject"],
[".hhk", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hhp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hlp", "application/winhlp"],
[".hpp", "text/plain"],
[".hqx", "application/mac-binhex40"],
[".hta", "application/hta"],
[".htc", "text/x-component"],
[".htm", "text/html"],
[".html", "text/html"],
[".htt", "text/webviewhtml"],
[".hxa", "application/xml"],
[".hxc", "application/xml"],
[".hxd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxe", "application/xml"],
[".hxf", "application/xml"],
[".hxh", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxk", "application/xml"],
[".hxq", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxr", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxs", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxt", "text/html"],
[".hxv", "application/xml"],
[".hxw", "application/octet-stream"],
[".hxx", "text/plain"],
[".i", "text/plain"],
[".ico", "image/x-icon"],
[".ics", "application/octet-stream"],
[".idl", "text/plain"],
[".ief", "image/ief"],
[".iii", "application/x-iphone"],
[".inc", "text/plain"],
[".inf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".inl", "text/plain"],
[".ins", "application/x-internet-signup"],
[".ipa", "application/x-itunes-ipa"],
[".ipg", "application/x-itunes-ipg"],
[".ipproj", "text/plain"],
[".ipsw", "application/x-itunes-ipsw"],
[".iqy", "text/x-ms-iqy"],
[".isp", "application/x-internet-signup"],
[".ite", "application/x-itunes-ite"],
[".itlp", "application/x-itunes-itlp"],
[".itms", "application/x-itunes-itms"],
[".itpc", "application/x-itunes-itpc"],
[".IVF", "video/x-ivf"],
[".jar", "application/java-archive"],
[".java", "application/octet-stream"],
[".jck", "application/liquidmotion"],
[".jcz", "application/liquidmotion"],
[".jfif", "image/pjpeg"],
[".jnlp", "application/x-java-jnlp-file"],
[".jpb", "application/octet-stream"],
[".jpe", "image/jpeg"],
[".jpeg", "image/jpeg"],
[".jpg", "image/jpeg"],
[".js", "application/x-javascript"],
[".json", "application/json"],
[".jsx", "text/jscript"],
[".jsxbin", "text/plain"],
[".latex", "application/x-latex"],
[".library-ms", "application/windows-library+xml"],
[".lit", "application/x-ms-reader"],
[".loadtest", "application/xml"],
[".lpk", "application/octet-stream"],
[".lsf", "video/x-la-asf"],
[".lst", "text/plain"],
[".lsx", "video/x-la-asf"],
[".lzh", "application/octet-stream"],
[".m13", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".m14", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".m1v", "video/mpeg"],
[".m2t", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".m2ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".m2v", "video/mpeg"],
[".m3u", "audio/x-mpegurl"],
[".m3u8", "audio/x-mpegurl"],
[".m4a", "audio/m4a"],
[".m4b", "audio/m4b"],
[".m4p", "audio/m4p"],
[".m4r", "audio/x-m4r"],
[".m4v", "video/x-m4v"],
[".mac", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".mak", "text/plain"],
[".man", "application/x-troff-man"],
[".manifest", "application/x-ms-manifest"],
[".map", "text/plain"],
[".master", "application/xml"],
[".mda", "application/msaccess"],
[".mdb", "application/x-msaccess"],
[".mde", "application/msaccess"],
[".mdp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".me", "application/x-troff-me"],
[".mfp", "application/x-shockwave-flash"],
[".mht", "message/rfc822"],
[".mhtml", "message/rfc822"],
[".mid", "audio/mid"],
[".midi", "audio/mid"],
[".mix", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mk", "text/plain"],
[".mmf", "application/x-smaf"],
[".mno", "text/xml"],
[".mny", "application/x-msmoney"],
[".mod", "video/mpeg"],
[".mov", "video/quicktime"],
[".movie", "video/x-sgi-movie"],
[".mp2", "video/mpeg"],
[".mp2v", "video/mpeg"],
[".mp3", "audio/mpeg"],
[".mp4", "video/mp4"],
[".mp4v", "video/mp4"],
[".mpa", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpe", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpeg", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpf", "application/vnd.ms-mediapackage"],
[".mpg", "video/mpeg"],
[".mpp", "application/vnd.ms-project"],
[".mpv2", "video/mpeg"],
[".mqv", "video/quicktime"],
[".ms", "application/x-troff-ms"],
[".msi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mso", "application/octet-stream"],
[".mts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".mtx", "application/xml"],
[".mvb", "application/x-msmediaview"],
[".mvc", "application/x-miva-compiled"],
[".mxp", "application/x-mmxp"],
[".nc", "application/x-netcdf"],
[".nsc", "video/x-ms-asf"],
[".nws", "message/rfc822"],
[".ocx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".oda", "application/oda"],
[".odc", "text/x-ms-odc"],
[".odh", "text/plain"],
[".odl", "text/plain"],
[".odp", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.presentation"],
[".ods", "application/oleobject"],
[".odt", "application/vnd.oasis.opendocument.text"],
[".one", "application/onenote"],
[".onea", "application/onenote"],
[".onepkg", "application/onenote"],
[".onetmp", "application/onenote"],
[".onetoc", "application/onenote"],
[".onetoc2", "application/onenote"],
[".orderedtest", "application/xml"],
[".osdx", "application/opensearchdescription+xml"],
[".p10", "application/pkcs10"],
[".p12", "application/x-pkcs12"],
[".p7b", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"],
[".p7c", "application/pkcs7-mime"],
[".p7m", "application/pkcs7-mime"],
[".p7r", "application/x-pkcs7-certreqresp"],
[".p7s", "application/pkcs7-signature"],
[".pbm", "image/x-portable-bitmap"],
[".pcast", "application/x-podcast"],
[".pct", "image/pict"],
[".pcx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pcz", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pdf", "application/pdf"],
[".pfb", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pfm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pfx", "application/x-pkcs12"],
[".pgm", "image/x-portable-graymap"],
[".pic", "image/pict"],
[".pict", "image/pict"],
[".pkgdef", "text/plain"],
[".pkgundef", "text/plain"],
[".pko", "application/vnd.ms-pki.pko"],
[".pls", "audio/scpls"],
[".pma", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmc", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pml", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmr", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".pmw", "application/x-perfmon"],
[".png", "image/png"],
[".pnm", "image/x-portable-anymap"],
[".pnt", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".pntg", "image/x-macpaint"],
[".pnz", "image/png"],
[".pot", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".potm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".potx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.template"],
[".ppa", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".ppam", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.addin.macroEnabled.12"],
[".ppm", "image/x-portable-pixmap"],
[".pps", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".ppsm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slideshow.macroEnabled.12"],
[".ppsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slideshow"],
[".ppt", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".pptm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.presentation.macroEnabled.12"],
[".pptx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.presentation"],
[".prf", "application/pics-rules"],
[".prm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".prx", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ps", "application/postscript"],
[".psc1", "application/PowerShell"],
[".psd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".psess", "application/xml"],
[".psm", "application/octet-stream"],
[".psp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".pub", "application/x-mspublisher"],
[".pwz", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint"],
[".qht", "text/x-html-insertion"],
[".qhtm", "text/x-html-insertion"],
[".qt", "video/quicktime"],
[".qti", "image/x-quicktime"],
[".qtif", "image/x-quicktime"],
[".qtl", "application/x-quicktimeplayer"],
[".qxd", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ra", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"],
[".ram", "audio/x-pn-realaudio"],
[".rar", "application/octet-stream"],
[".ras", "image/x-cmu-raster"],
[".rat", "application/rat-file"],
[".rc", "text/plain"],
[".rc2", "text/plain"],
[".rct", "text/plain"],
[".rdlc", "application/xml"],
[".resx", "application/xml"],
[".rf", "image/vnd.rn-realflash"],
[".rgb", "image/x-rgb"],
[".rgs", "text/plain"],
[".rm", "application/vnd.rn-realmedia"],
[".rmi", "audio/mid"],
[".rmp", "application/vnd.rn-rn_music_package"],
[".roff", "application/x-troff"],
[".rpm", "audio/x-pn-realaudio-plugin"],
[".rqy", "text/x-ms-rqy"],
[".rtf", "application/rtf"],
[".rtx", "text/richtext"],
[".ruleset", "application/xml"],
[".s", "text/plain"],
[".safariextz", "application/x-safari-safariextz"],
[".scd", "application/x-msschedule"],
[".sct", "text/scriptlet"],
[".sd2", "audio/x-sd2"],
[".sdp", "application/sdp"],
[".sea", "application/octet-stream"],
[".searchConnector-ms", "application/windows-search-connector+xml"],
[".setpay", "application/set-payment-initiation"],
[".setreg", "application/set-registration-initiation"],
[".settings", "application/xml"],
[".sgimb", "application/x-sgimb"],
[".sgml", "text/sgml"],
[".sh", "application/x-sh"],
[".shar", "application/x-shar"],
[".shtml", "text/html"],
[".sit", "application/x-stuffit"],
[".sitemap", "application/xml"],
[".skin", "application/xml"],
[".sldm", "application/vnd.ms-powerpoint.slide.macroEnabled.12"],
[".sldx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.presentationml.slide"],
[".slk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".sln", "text/plain"],
[".slupkg-ms", "application/x-ms-license"],
[".smd", "audio/x-smd"],
[".smi", "application/octet-stream"],
[".smx", "audio/x-smd"],
[".smz", "audio/x-smd"],
[".snd", "audio/basic"],
[".snippet", "application/xml"],
[".snp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".sol", "text/plain"],
[".sor", "text/plain"],
[".spc", "application/x-pkcs7-certificates"],
[".spl", "application/futuresplash"],
[".src", "application/x-wais-source"],
[".srf", "text/plain"],
[".SSISDeploymentManifest", "text/xml"],
[".ssm", "application/streamingmedia"],
[".sst", "application/vnd.ms-pki.certstore"],
[".stl", "application/vnd.ms-pki.stl"],
[".sv4cpio", "application/x-sv4cpio"],
[".sv4crc", "application/x-sv4crc"],
[".svc", "application/xml"],
[".swf", "application/x-shockwave-flash"],
[".t", "application/x-troff"],
[".tar", "application/x-tar"],
[".tcl", "application/x-tcl"],
[".testrunconfig", "application/xml"],
[".testsettings", "application/xml"],
[".tex", "application/x-tex"],
[".texi", "application/x-texinfo"],
[".texinfo", "application/x-texinfo"],
[".tgz", "application/x-compressed"],
[".thmx", "application/vnd.ms-officetheme"],
[".thn", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tif", "image/tiff"],
[".tiff", "image/tiff"],
[".tlh", "text/plain"],
[".tli", "text/plain"],
[".toc", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tr", "application/x-troff"],
[".trm", "application/x-msterminal"],
[".trx", "application/xml"],
[".ts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".tsv", "text/tab-separated-values"],
[".ttf", "application/octet-stream"],
[".tts", "video/vnd.dlna.mpeg-tts"],
[".txt", "text/plain"],
[".u32", "application/octet-stream"],
[".uls", "text/iuls"],
[".user", "text/plain"],
[".ustar", "application/x-ustar"],
[".vb", "text/plain"],
[".vbdproj", "text/plain"],
[".vbk", "video/mpeg"],
[".vbproj", "text/plain"],
[".vbs", "text/vbscript"],
[".vcf", "text/x-vcard"],
[".vcproj", "Application/xml"],
[".vcs", "text/plain"],
[".vcxproj", "Application/xml"],
[".vddproj", "text/plain"],
[".vdp", "text/plain"],
[".vdproj", "text/plain"],
[".vdx", "application/vnd.ms-visio.viewer"],
[".vml", "text/xml"],
[".vscontent", "application/xml"],
[".vsct", "text/xml"],
[".vsd", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsi", "application/ms-vsi"],
[".vsix", "application/vsix"],
[".vsixlangpack", "text/xml"],
[".vsixmanifest", "text/xml"],
[".vsmdi", "application/xml"],
[".vspscc", "text/plain"],
[".vss", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsscc", "text/plain"],
[".vssettings", "text/xml"],
[".vssscc", "text/plain"],
[".vst", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vstemplate", "text/xml"],
[".vsto", "application/x-ms-vsto"],
[".vsw", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vsx", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".vtx", "application/vnd.visio"],
[".wav", "audio/wav"],
[".wave", "audio/wav"],
[".wax", "audio/x-ms-wax"],
[".wbk", "application/msword"],
[".wbmp", "image/vnd.wap.wbmp"],
[".wcm", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wdb", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wdp", "image/vnd.ms-photo"],
[".webarchive", "application/x-safari-webarchive"],
[".webtest", "application/xml"],
[".wiq", "application/xml"],
[".wiz", "application/msword"],
[".wks", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".WLMP", "application/wlmoviemaker"],
[".wlpginstall", "application/x-wlpg-detect"],
[".wlpginstall3", "application/x-wlpg3-detect"],
[".wm", "video/x-ms-wm"],
[".wma", "audio/x-ms-wma"],
[".wmd", "application/x-ms-wmd"],
[".wmf", "application/x-msmetafile"],
[".wml", "text/vnd.wap.wml"],
[".wmlc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlc"],
[".wmls", "text/vnd.wap.wmlscript"],
[".wmlsc", "application/vnd.wap.wmlscriptc"],
[".wmp", "video/x-ms-wmp"],
[".wmv", "video/x-ms-wmv"],
[".wmx", "video/x-ms-wmx"],
[".wmz", "application/x-ms-wmz"],
[".wpl", "application/vnd.ms-wpl"],
[".wps", "application/vnd.ms-works"],
[".wri", "application/x-mswrite"],
[".wrl", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".wrz", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".wsc", "text/scriptlet"],
[".wsdl", "text/xml"],
[".wvx", "video/x-ms-wvx"],
[".x", "application/directx"],
[".xaf", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".xaml", "application/xaml+xml"],
[".xap", "application/x-silverlight-app"],
[".xbap", "application/x-ms-xbap"],
[".xbm", "image/x-xbitmap"],
[".xdr", "text/plain"],
[".xht", "application/xhtml+xml"],
[".xhtml", "application/xhtml+xml"],
[".xla", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlam", "application/vnd.ms-excel.addin.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlc", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xld", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlk", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xll", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlm", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xls", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xlsb", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.binary.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlsm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xlsx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.sheet"],
[".xlt", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xltm", "application/vnd.ms-excel.template.macroEnabled.12"],
[".xltx", "application/vnd.openxmlformats-officedocument.spreadsheetml.template"],
[".xlw", "application/vnd.ms-excel"],
[".xml", "text/xml"],
[".xmta", "application/xml"],
[".xof", "x-world/x-vrml"],
[".XOML", "text/plain"],
[".xpm", "image/x-xpixmap"],
[".xps", "application/vnd.ms-xpsdocument"],
[".xrm-ms", "text/xml"],
[".xsc", "application/xml"],
[".xsd", "text/xml"],
[".xsf", "text/xml"],
[".xsl", "text/xml"],
[".xslt", "text/xml"],
[".xsn", "application/octet-stream"],
[".xss", "application/xml"],
[".xtp", "application/octet-stream"],
[".xwd", "image/x-xwindowdump"],
[".z", "application/x-compress"],
[".zip", "application/x-zip-compressed"]
];


// ----------------------- End of Extensions to MIME --------- //
小开
如果你不需要浏览另一个页面，这可能是有帮助的。 这是基本的javascript函数，所以可以在任何平台，其中后端是javascript 

window.location.assign('any url or file path')
小开

对我来说，这在chrome v72测试中工作正常

function down_file(url,name){
var a = $("<a>")
.attr("href", url)
.attr("download", name)
.appendTo("body");
a[0].click();
a.remove();
}


down_file('https://www.useotools.com/uploads/nulogo[1].png','logo.png')
小开
下载文件时可能会发生很多小事情。浏览器之间的不一致性本身就是一场噩梦。我最终使用了这个很棒的小图书馆。 https://github.com/rndme/download < / p >

它的优点是它的灵活性，不仅url，而且客户端数据你想要下载。

  1. 文本字符串
  2. 文本dataURL
  3. 文本的团
  4. 文本数组
  5. html字符串
  6. html的团
  7. ajax回调
  8. 二进制文件
小开

我最终使用了下面的代码片段，它可以在大多数浏览器中运行，但没有在IE中进行测试。

let data = JSON.stringify([{email: "test@domain.com", name: "test"}, {email: "anothertest@example.com", name: "anothertest"}]);


let type = "application/json", name = "testfile.json";
downloader(data, type, name)


function downloader(data, type, name) {
let blob = new Blob([data], {type});
let url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
downloadURI(url, name);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}


function downloadURI(uri, name) {
let link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.click();
}

更新

function downloadURI(uri, name) {
let link = document.createElement("a");
link.download = name;
link.href = uri;
link.click();
}


function downloader(data, type, name) {
let blob = new Blob([data], {type});
let url = window.URL.createObjectURL(blob);
downloadURI(url, name);
window.URL.revokeObjectURL(url);
}
小开 
let args = {"data":htmlData,"filename":exampleName}

创建HTMl文件并下载

window.downloadHTML = function(args) {
var data, filename, link;
var csv = args.data;
if (csv == null) return;
filename = args.filename || 'report.html';
data = 'data:text/html;charset=utf-8,' + encodeURIComponent(csv);
console.log(data);
link = document.createElement('a');
link.setAttribute('href', data);
link.setAttribute('download', filename);
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);}

创建并下载CSV文件

window.downloadCSV = function(args) {
var data, filename, link;
var csv = args.data;
if (csv == null) return;
filename = args.filename || 'report.csv';
if (!csv.match(/^data:text\/csv/i)) {
csv = 'data:text/csv;charset=utf-8,' + csv;
}
data = encodeURI(csv);
link = document.createElement('a');
link.setAttribute('href', data);
link.setAttribute('download', filename);
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
document.body.removeChild(link);

｝

小开

您可以简单地使用HTML中的Download属性。使用优秀的Javascript，你可以使用这个功能直接下载文件。锚标记的download属性应该指向要下载的文件所在的链接。

首先，将URL指向资源路径:

var url = 'your url goes here';

创建一个锚标记，需要的属性如下所示:

var elem = document.createElement('a');
elem.href = url;
elem.download = url;
elem.id="downloadAnchor";

将锚标记附加到网页的body元素。

document.body.appendChild(elem);

现在以编程方式触发单击事件。点击锚标记将触发下载。

$('#downloadAnchor').click();

把它们放在一起:

var url = 'your url goes here';
var elem = document.createElement('a');
elem.href = url;
elem.download = url;
elem.id="downloadAnchor";
document.body.appendChild(elem);
$('#downloadAnchor').click();

额外的信息:上面的代码没有什么奇特的，只是从Chrome Devtools的控制台工作的客户端JavaScript，但功能强大，也开辟了很多可能性，如网页爬行。

例如，下面在Devtools控制台中执行的代码块将在一个新选项卡中打开页面中的所有链接:只要找到这个网页，打开Devtools并在浏览器控制台中运行这个脚本，就可以看到JavaScript的强大功能了。(注意:下面的代码仅用于教学目的。)

确保你为该网站启用了弹出窗口，否则你的锚点点击将被默认的弹出窗口拦截器禁用。

var links = document.getElementsByClassName("_3ATBKe");
for(var i=0;i<links.length;i++){
var title = document.getElementsByClassName("_3ATBKe")[i].firstElementChild.firstElementChild.innerText.replaceAll('|','-').replaceAll(':','x');
console.log('Opening..'+title);
links[i].firstElementChild.click();
}

注意:这不仅仅局限于锚点点击，你可以下载几乎任何你在你的网页上找到的东西。如果某些东西(图像、音频、视频)加载到你的网页上，你可以编写一个脚本来下载它，即使UI没有提供给你。

小开
你也可以使用fs-browsers包。
它有很好的和简单的下载方法为客户端。
它是这样的:

import { downloadFile } from 'fs-browsers';
downloadFile(url-to-the-file);

小开

只传递文件的链接。它将下载带有原始名称的文件。

function downloadFileWithLink(href) {
var link = document.createElement("a");
let name = (href?.split("/") || [])
name = name[name?.length-1]
link.setAttribute('download', name);
link.href = href;
document.body.appendChild(link);
link.click();
link.remove();
}
小开

你必须从服务器和客户端(web应用程序)两方面进行操作。

在服务器上，设置名为Content-Disposition https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Headers/Content-Disposition的标头

// nodejs express
res.set('Content-Disposition', `attachment; filename="${self.creationName}"`)

使用上面的头文件，服务器会告诉浏览器响应是一个文件，它应该下载并以给定的名称保存，否则浏览器可能会将文件保存为“附件(1).zip"

接下来，我们查看客户端，创建一个锚链接并自动单击它。

function downloadThroughAnchorLink(downloadUrl: string, fileName: string) {
const a = document.createElement('a')
a.href = downloadUrl;
// We provided a header called Content-Disposition so we dont need to set "a.download" here
// a.download = fileName || 'download'
a.click()
}

这样就行了。


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